Photo: Nilfanion · CC BY-SA 4.0More of Caernarfon’s residents are on jobless benefits than in 86% of UK towns
3.8% of working-age residents claim jobless benefits, where the typical UK town’s rate is 2.7%. Set against UK towns, the Jobs & income grade of Caernarfon is D, #4 of 13 in Gwynedd. Every working day brings 3,004 commuters in, filling the town.
The work figures that set Caernarfon apart
A local job centre
7,058 jobs are based in Caernarfon for 4,357 working residents; the typical UK town has 0.7 jobs per resident in work. Public administration and defence, hospitals and health care and shops make up 38% of them. Jobs based here ↓
More benefit claims than most towns
The typical UK town: 2.7%; England and Wales: 4% so far in 2026. Benefits over time ↓
Written from the data on this page: ONS Census 2021 and BRES, DWP claimant counts via Nomis, and ONS household income.
Jobs and income in Caernarfon earn D
Better than 10% of UK towns once its four measures are combined: #4 of 13 in Gwynedd.
Its strongest measure is getting to jobs without a car; its weakest, employment deprivation.
How the grade works
Each input is ranked against every UK town of 1,000 or more (higher income and job access are better; fewer claimants and less employment deprivation are better), the four ranks are averaged, and the average is ranked again. A town needs three of the four.
7,058 jobs, one in five in health and social care
1.6 for every working resident; the typical UK town has 0.7.
BRES counts jobs, not people (a part-time job and a second job count once each), so it runs above the Census count of people working here (5,539). Small areas are shared out to the town by where their Census 2021 workers were based; kinds of work are BRES industry divisions (SIC 2007), rounded. Wales’ towns: all jobs in its built-up areas.
Jobs at workplaces in Caernarfon (employees and working owners, ONS Business Register and Employment Survey 2024).
Jobless claims in the Gwynedd council area are below England and Wales’ rate
Gwynedd’s rate was about 2.2% in 2019, peaked at 6.1% in July 2020 and has averaged 2.9% in 2026, against 4% across England and Wales. Claims everywhere stay higher than before the pandemic, partly because Universal Credit counts more people on low pay as looking for work.
The chart is the whole council area of Gwynedd, which Nomis publishes monthly; the figures above the line are for Caernarfon’s built-up area. Claimant count: people claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance, or Universal Credit while required to look for work. Employment deprivation counts people out of work on Jobseeker’s Allowance, Employment and Support Allowance, Incapacity Benefit, Severe Disablement Allowance, Carer’s Allowance or the Universal Credit equivalents (Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025). The “most deprived tenth” compares areas within Wales only.
Claimant rate since 2015: people claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance or Universal Credit while looking for work, as a share of residents aged 16 to 64 (DWP, via Nomis).
Workers pour into Caernarfon: 27% more on a working day
4,357 residents were in work at the 2021 Census; 5,539 people worked in Caernarfon.
For every resident who leaves Caernarfon for work, about 2 people come in. 39% of residents who travel to a workplace stay in the town; in the typical UK town of 2,500+ it’s 14%.
The middle of each bar is the same people: residents who work in the town or from home.
Caernarfon’s workers come from Bangor to Penygroes
- Countryside976
- Bangor206
- Penygroes132
- Llanrug101
- Y Felinheli101
- Bethesda78
- Bontnewydd74
- Llanberis68
- Waunfawr66
- Groeslon65
- Countryside392
- Bangor379
- Llangefni94
- Llanberis83
- Pwllheli50
- Y Felinheli48
- Porthmadog43
- Penygroes36
- Menai Bridge36
- Llandygai30
Bangor, 8 miles away, sends 206 people, more than any other town; in all, 54% of the people who work in Caernarfon live outside it. Going the other way, Bangor is the biggest single destination (379).
The ten places that send the most workers into Caernarfon, and the ten where its residents most often work (Census 2021, by home and workplace). Line width is the number of people.
An average of £43,916 a year per household in Caernarfon
Higher than 20% of UK towns of 2,500+; the typical town is £52,385. The whole council area of Gwynedd averages £44,772.
The town figure is ONS’s neighbourhood (MSOA) estimates shared out by where the town’s residents live.
Total household income before tax, mean, year to March 2023 (ONS small-area estimates).
In Caernarfon, 26% of commuters leave the car behind
Median journey 6.2 km; typical UK town 8.4 km.
47% of journeys to work are under 5 km (3 miles), against 41% across Wales’ towns, and 12% are 30 km or more. Caernarfon grades A for walkability: the share of commuters who walk, cycle or take public transport, against UK towns.
ONS Census 2021, TS061 (method of travel) and TS058 (distance, straight line from home to workplace), output areas summed. Census day fell in the third lockdown, so fewer people travelled than usual.
How residents who travel to work get there, and how far they go (Census 2021, not counting those working mainly at home).
Jobs, studies and retirement in Caernarfon: 56% in work
The mix is close to Wales’ towns’ as a whole.
ONS Census 2021, tables TS066 (economic activity) and TS063 (occupation), output areas summed to the built-up area. Wales’ towns: everyone living in its built-up areas.
Everyone 16 and over, by what they were doing the week before the 2021 Census, and the jobs of those in work.
Out of 412 UK towns of 7,000 to 13,000, Caernarfon comes 357th on jobs and income
| # | Town | People | Jobs per worker | Work in own town | Claimants | Income | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Twyford Berkshire | 8,072 | 0.9 | 11% | 1.5% | £82K | A+ |
| 2 | Esher Surrey | 9,484 | 1.6 | 12% | 1.6% | £91K | A+ |
| 3 | Whiteley Hampshire | 9,350 | 6.4 | 16% | 1.3% | £78K | A+ |
| … | |||||||
| 355 | Pool and Illogan Cornwall | 8,588 | 1.6 | 19% | 4.4% | £44K | D |
| 356 | Bentley South Yorkshire | 12,044 | 0.5 | 9% | 5.5% | £38K | D |
| 357 | Caernarfon Gwynedd | 9,831 | 1.6 | 39% | 3.8% | £44K | D |
| 358 | Padiham Lancashire | 10,121 | 0.8 | 13% | 5% | £39K | D |
| 359 | Fakenham Norfolk | 8,390 | 1.3 | 43% | 3.4% | £42K | D |
| … | |||||||
| 411 | Holyhead Gwynedd | 11,753 | 0.7 | 40% | 5.8% | £40K | D− |
| 412 | Mablethorpe Lincolnshire | 7,633 | 1.1 | 39% | 5.2% | £30K | D− |
Jobs & income letters rank against every UK town of 1,000 or more; the order here is context only.
Ordered by Jobs & income Grade: the top three, the towns either side of Caernarfon, and others in Gwynedd.
How Caernarfon compares with the places nearby
| Town | People | Jobs | Work in own town | Claimants | Grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caernarfon | 9,831 | 7,058 | 39% | 3.8% | D |
| Bethel | 1,091 | 75 | 2% | 1.6% | B− |
| Llanrug | 1,537 | 264 | 7% | 2.2% | C+ |
| Y Felinheli | 2,333 | 800 | 6% | 2.9% | C |
| Clwt-y-bont | 1,385 | 383 | 3% | 3.8% | D |
| Gaerwen | 1,277 | 1,029 | 9% | 2.5% | C− |
| Llanberis | 1,838 | 1,050 | 20% | 3% | C− |
| Penygroes | 1,793 | 800 | 13% | 4% | D− |
Jobs based in each place, commuters who stay in their own town, and the claimant rate.
What this data can and can’t tell you
- The Census was taken in lockdown. Census day was 21 March 2021, during the third national lockdown: many people were furloughed or working from home, so fewer travelled to work, and journeys were shorter, than before the pandemic or since. The flows on this page show where people worked that spring.
- At home and no fixed place are one figure. In the workplace flows, ONS puts people who mainly worked at home and people with no fixed workplace (drivers, builders, care workers on rounds) at their home address, so the two can’t be told apart there.
- Towns are built-up areas. Caernarfon here is ONS’s built-up area: the town as built, not its council district. A workplace on an estate or farm outside every built-up area counts as “outside any built-up area”.
- Jobs are counted where they are. BRES counts jobs at each workplace (employees and working owners, rounded by ONS), so a town with a hospital, university or big employer can have more jobs than working residents. Small areas are shared out to towns by where their Census workers were based.
- The benefits chart is the council area. Nomis publishes the claimant count monthly for councils back to 2013, so the line is Gwynedd as a whole; the claimant rate elsewhere on this page is Caernarfon’s built-up area, from small areas.
Questions about work in Caernarfon
Where do people in Caernarfon work?
At the 2021 Census, 39% of Caernarfon’s residents who travelled to work worked in the town itself; the most common other places were Bangor (379), Llangefni (94) and Llanberis (83). 32% of working residents worked mainly at home or had no fixed workplace; the Census was taken in lockdown, so home working was unusually high.
How many people commute into Caernarfon?
3,004 people who lived elsewhere worked in Caernarfon at the 2021 Census, 54% of its 5,539 workers. The most came from Bangor (206), Penygroes (132) and Llanrug (101). 1,808 residents travelled out the other way.
How many jobs are there in Caernarfon?
About 7,060 jobs (employees and working owners) were based in Caernarfon in 2024, on ONS’s Business Register and Employment Survey: 1.6 for every resident in work, against 0.7 in the typical UK town. The biggest kinds of work are public administration and defence (about 1,190), hospitals and health care (about 630) and shops (about 530).
Is Caernarfon a good place to find work?
Caernarfon earns a D for jobs and income, better than 10% of UK towns on household income, the claimant rate, employment deprivation and access to jobs together. Mean household income £43,916; 3.8% of 16 to 64s claim unemployment benefits.
How do people in Caernarfon get to work?
73% of commuters go by car or van, 21% walk, 1% cycle and 4% take the bus or train; 47% travel under 5 km. Census 2021, taken during lockdown.
What is the average household income in Caernarfon?
Mean household income before tax was £43,916 in the year to March 2023 (ONS), against £52,385 in the typical UK town.
How does Caernarfon compare with Bangor for jobs?
Caernarfon has 1.6 jobs per working resident against Bangor’s 2.3, a 3.8% claimant rate against 3.4%, and mean household income of £43,916 against £47,412.
Sources: ONS Census 2021 origin-destination data, place of work (ODWP01EW), output areas summed to the ONS 2022 built-up area · ONS Census 2021 tables TS058 (distance), TS061 (method of travel), TS063 (occupation) and TS066 (economic activity) · ONS Business Register and Employment Survey via Nomis (open access), by industry division · ONS small-area income estimates (financial year ending 2023); House of Commons Library MSOA names · DWP claimant count via Nomis (towns January to August 2026; councils, regions and England and Wales monthly since January 2015) · Welsh Government, Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation 2025 · DfT Transport Connectivity Metric (employment) · TownRatings grades: our own summary of the data, ranked against UK towns only. All under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Contains HM Land Registry data © Crown copyright and database right 2026. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2026 (ONS boundaries). Northern Ireland: Source: NISRA; contains Land & Property Services data and Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland information, © Crown copyright, licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Scotland: contains National Records of Scotland data, Registers of Scotland data and SEPA data, © Crown copyright / © SEPA 2025, licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.