Charles L. Shrewsbury House · Photo: Nyttend · Public domainFor tornadoes, Madison’s building-damage rate is in the top 4% of U.S. census tracts
On FEMA’s National Risk Index, Madison gets a C+ for hazard risk: higher expected damage per building than 62% of U.S. towns, #500 of 593 in Indiana. Most of that expected damage is river and rain flooding (77%), then tornadoes (15%). Flood insurance has paid 71 claims here since 1978.
Graded on FEMA’s expected yearly building damage per dollar of building value (NRI v1.20, December 2025), weighted by where residents live; flood claims are shown, not graded. How hazard risk is graded
What stands out about Madison’s natural hazards
From FEMA’s model and FEMA’s records, below.
What Madison faces
Each hazard’s share of the building damage FEMA expects here, and how its rate compares with the rest of the country.
River and rain flooding
Tornadoes
Shares are of FEMA’s expected building damage, the measure the grade uses; ranks compare each hazard’s building-damage rate with all 85,154 U.S. census tracts. In FEMA’s terms, river and rain flooding is FEMA’s “Inland Flooding” (rivers and streams overflowing their banks, or rain overwhelming drainage). FEMA defines coastal flooding as high or rising tides and storm surge, so surge damage is counted there. Drought isn’t listed: FEMA counts its losses in crops only.
What’s behind Madison’s grade
River and rain flooding is 77% of the building damage FEMA expects in Madison, and Madison’s rate of river and rain flooding damage is higher than 70% of U.S. census tracts. Tornadoes add 15%, at a rate in the top 4% of U.S. census tracts.
C+ #500 of 593 in Indiana; higher expected damage per building than 62% of U.S. towns (21,298).
Madison’s residents live in 3 census tracts; FEMA’s figures are combined by where they live.
The typical Indiana town has lower expected damage than 60% of U.S. towns; within the state, Madison has more expected damage per building than 84% of Indiana towns.
In dollars, FEMA expects about $7.0M a year in losses across Madison: $4.7M to buildings, the rest to people and crops.
Does Madison flood? Sometimes: 71 flood claims since 1978
Every paid claim on a federal flood insurance policy in Madison, from FEMA’s records: 12.4 per 1,000 homes, more than 77% of the 13,809 U.S. towns with a flood insurance record.
- The Central U.S. April Flooding5 claims · $252K
Madison isn’t in FEMA’s Community Rating System, which cuts flood insurance up to 45% in towns that do extra flood-proofing.
Insurance rates: Jefferson County.7 federal disasters brought FEMA money to Madison
Disasters that paid out in Madison itself (aid to households or repair grants to the City of Madison), newest first, with that year’s flood claims.
- 2025Severe Storms, Straight-line Winds, Tornadoes, and Flooding$160K to the City of Madison for repairs6 flood claims paid that year
- 2018Severe Storms and Flooding27 households applied for aid$12K aid approved$97K to the City of Madison for repairs4 flood claims paid that year
- 2011Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight-line Winds, and$219K to the City of Madison for repairs
- 2009Severe Winter Storm$60K to the City of Madison for repairs1 flood claim paid that year
- 2008Severe Storms and Flooding237 households applied for aid$139K aid approved$292K to the City of Madison for repairs
- 2008Severe Storms, Flooding, and Tornadoes28 households applied for aid$62K aid approved$28K to the City of Madison for repairs
Show all 7
- 2004Snow$15K to the City of Madison for repairs
Jefferson County has had 22 natural disasters declared by the President since 1953, most often severe storms, then floods. Not counted: the 2005 Hurricane Katrina evacuee emergency, which covered counties that took in evacuees.
Old photos of Madison after a storm or flood belong in the town’s history. Add one, or share what you remember below.
Add to the Madison archive →Madison and its neighbors
Madison is 2nd of the 3 graded towns here, from least expected damage per building to most. Tap a town to see its hazards.
| Town | Hazard risk | Mostly (buildings) | Flood claims |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hanover Township | B+less damage than 66% | river and rain flooding | 96 |
| Madison | C+more damage than 62% | river and rain flooding | 71 |
| Madison Township | C+more damage than 62% | river and rain flooding | 82 |
Hazard risk = FEMA’s expected yearly building damage per dollar of building value, vs. the 21,298 U.S. towns we grade; the map is shaded by fifths of the same scale. Flood claims = paid federal flood insurance claims on record.
Get ready for what Madison faces
A short kit for the hazards that drive the building damage here, what to check before you buy, and where neighbors get alerts.
- Turn around at flooded roads: a foot of moving water can carry off a car.
- Flood insurance usually takes 30 days to start, so buy it before the forecast.
- Keep papers and medicines up high, in a grab-and-go bag.
- Pick your spot now: the lowest floor, an inside room, no windows.
- A watch means be ready; a warning means take cover now.
- Keep shoes and a flashlight by the bed.
- Look up the address on FEMA’s flood map.
- Ask the seller or landlord whether it has ever flooded, and what flood insurance costs there.
- Get a flood insurance quote early: policies usually start 30 days after you buy.
Know where neighbors sign up for alerts? Add it to the Handbook so everyone has it.
Questions about natural hazards in Madison
Is Madison at risk for natural disasters?
On FEMA’s National Risk Index, Madison has higher expected damage per building than 62% of U.S. towns: C+ for hazard risk, #500 of 593 in Indiana. Most of the expected damage is river and rain flooding (77%) and tornadoes (15%). This is FEMA’s model of an average year for today’s buildings, not a forecast.
Does Madison flood?
Flood insurance has paid 71 claims in Madison since 1978, $2.1M in all, or 12.4 per 1,000 homes, more than 77% of U.S. towns with a flood insurance record. 10 properties have flooded more than once. The most claims came from Central U.S. April Flooding (5).
Is Madison in a flood zone?
Flood zones are drawn street by street, so the answer depends on the address: look it up on FEMA’s flood map. In Jefferson County, 12% of homes in mapped flood zones carry federal flood insurance, and 0.5% of all homes do.
How much is flood insurance in Madison?
FEMA’s Community Rating System list shows no discount for Madison’s flood program. Premiums depend on the building; policies usually start 30 days after you buy, so get a quote early.
What was the biggest storm in Madison?
By FEMA money that reached Madison, Severe Storms and Flooding (2008): 237 households applied for aid, $139K approved, and $292K to the City of Madison for repairs. By flood claims, Central U.S. April Flooding: 5 paid, $252K.
Is Madison at risk from river and rain flooding?
It is the largest share of the building damage FEMA expects here (77%), and Madison’s rate for it is higher than 70% of U.S. census tracts.
Storm stories
Memories, warnings and help from neighbors in Madison.
Sources: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (December 2025), census-tract table, combined by where Madison’s residents lived in the 2020 census; OpenFEMA: NFIP redacted claims, multiple-loss properties, community status book and residential penetration rates, housing assistance (owners and renters), public assistance funded projects, hazard mitigation properties and disaster declarations. Homes: Census ACS 2020–24. Preparedness tips: Ready.gov. FEMA’s model is an average of expected damage, not a forecast. How hazard risk is graded.