A lower share of flats than 99% of compared French towns, at 1.8%
Set against 25% in the typical compared French town, 31% of households are couples with children in Fresnes. Locally, 6.3% of households are headed by a manager or professional. Residents aged 15 to 24 are rarer here than in 89% of compared French towns. Its 73 households held 153 residents at the 2023 Census.
Throughout this page, the Côte-d'Or median and the France median are the median of compared communes (those with an overall grade), each figure its own median. Source: INSEE, census 2023.
What stands out about the people of Fresnes
One home in six is a second home
The census counted 19 second homes and occasional dwellings in Fresnes, 17% of its 110 homes: higher than in 92% of compared French towns. 100% of them are houses. Their owners live elsewhere, so they aren’t in the population figures on this page. Homes & cars ↓
Fewer residents than in 2012
Fresnes had 177 residents at the 2012 census and 153 in 2023, down 14%: slower growth than in 99% of compared French towns. Population ↓
An older town
Half of Fresnes’ residents are under 52.2 and half over; the median of compared French towns is 44. 26% are 65 or older (France median 22%), 7.1% 80 or older. Ages ↓
Empty homes
The census found 17 homes empty (15%): for sale, to let, awaiting work or simply unused. Homes & cars ↓
Written from INSEE’s census 2023 on this page, against compared French towns.
Fresnes sits above 92% of compared French towns for second homes (17%)
Every home the census counted: main residences, second homes and occasional dwellings (INSEE counts them together), and empty homes. Owning and renting are on Cost of living.
All homes · share of homes
Type of home
Cars per household · share of households
In the typical compared French town, 11% of households have no car; in Fresnes, 9.5%. 15% of homes stand empty, a higher share than in 96% of compared French towns. The usual figure: 2.1% of homes are second homes in the typical compared French town.
Slower than most: −14% since 2012, behind 99% of compared French towns
Residents at INSEE’s last three censuses, each recast in the 2026 commune boundaries. France has no yearly estimate by commune between censuses.
2012 to 2023
2017 to 2023
Against +5% for the median compared French town and −2% for the median Côte-d'Or town, the change came in two steps: −5% from 2012 to 2017, then −9% to 2023.
Older than 89% of compared French towns: half of Fresnes is over 52.2
Shares of residents by age at the 2023 census.
Age groups · share of residents
Median age of the 3,798 compared French towns
■ Fresnes 52.2. The median compared French town: 44.
Just over a fifth of residents are 65 or over in the typical compared French town, against 26% in Fresnes.
Women and men · all residents
43% women, 57% men
About 74 women for every 100 men. Median share of women: Côte-d'Or 52.8%, France 51.8%.
A larger share of one-person households than 60% of compared French towns: 38%
A household is everyone who shares a main home (résidence principale). Household types come from INSEE’s fuller sample of a quarter of census forms.
Against the Côte-d'Or median and the France median
Living alone · share
A household here holds 2.1 people on average. Single-parent households are rarer here than in 99% of compared French towns. In the typical compared French town, one-person households come to 35%.
The median resident lives on €24,900 a year per consumption unit
The standard of living (niveau de vie) is a household’s disposable income after taxes and benefits, divided by its consumption units (UC) to allow for its size and make-up: 1 for the first adult, 0.5 for each other person 14 or older, 0.3 for each child under 14.
Medians of compared communes. Source: INSEE, Filosofi 2023.
Per consumption unit, half of residents live on more than €24,900 a year: lower than in 61% of compared French towns.
Fresnes ranks above 99% of compared French towns on households headed by a manual worker: 31%
Households by the socio-professional group (PCS) of their reference person, INSEE’s own categories. Jobs and commuting are on the Work & commute page.
Households by reference person’s group · share of households
Fewer households headed by a retired person than in 57% of compared French towns: 31%. The share of households headed by a manual worker in the typical compared French town is 14%.
Each household is counted once, by the occupation of its reference person (usually the oldest working adult).
Below 68% of compared French towns: 4.5% of residents are immigrants
INSEE publishes two measures, which overlap but aren’t the same. Neither is the UK’s “born abroad”.
Share of residents · census 2023
Immigrant (immigré)
Born abroad, not French at birth. Someone stays an immigrant after becoming French. A French citizen born abroad (for example in Algeria before 1962) is not one.
Foreign national (étranger)
Not a French citizen today, wherever born. A child born in France to foreign parents can be a foreign national without being an immigrant.
The median compared commune in Côte-d'Or has 7.3%; immigrants here make up a share lower than in just over two thirds of compared French towns. About one in 22: that is how common foreign nationals are in Fresnes (4.5%). The comparison figure for immigrants is 6.5% in the typical compared French town.
INSEE publishes no country of birth or ethnicity by commune in these tables, and the census doesn’t ask about religion.
Fresnes: 29% of residents 15 and over are single, above 73% of compared French towns
Residents 15 and over by how they live: the census asks both the legal status and whether people live as a couple.
Residents 15 and over · share
Set against 43% in the typical compared French town, 45% of residents 15 and over are married in Fresnes. The benchmark for single residents in the typical compared French town: 25%.
A smaller share of graduates of higher education than 81% of compared French towns: 21%
Highest diploma of residents 15 and over who have left education, in French terms: the levels don’t map one-to-one to UK or U.S. ones.
Highest diploma · 15 and over, out of education
Nearly a quarter of adults out of school have no qualification; in the typical compared French town the figure is 19%. Across the comparison, 30% of adults out of school hold a higher-education qualification in the typical compared French town.
Among 41 French towns of 153 to 2,582 people, the 8th oldest
The 40 compared French towns nearest in population, by median age. Hover for each one’s second homes and immigrants; click for its page.
At the ends of the range sit Villejust (37.2), the youngest, and Prayssac (62.3), the oldest.
Fresnes and its 3 nearest towns: 1 of them are older
The nearest towns of 2,500 or more, colored by median age. Source: INSEE, census 2023.
| Town | Median age | 65+ | Second homes | Immigrants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fresnes | 52.2 | 26% | 17% | 4.5% |
| Montbard 4,639 · 4.7 mi | 52.9 | 33% | 3.8% | 7.3% |
| Venarey-les-Laumes 2,747 · 4.9 mi | 49.2 | 27% | 3.1% | 5.4% |
| Semur-en-Auxois 3,986 · 9.2 mi | 50.9 | 29% | 9.3% | 5.6% |
Health, work, housing and schools
What this data can and can’t tell you
- Census 2023. INSEE’s census is a rolling survey: a fifth of small communes each year, 8% of homes in large ones each year. “2023” pools the surveys of 2021 to 2025, so the figures describe the town around 2023, not on one day.
- Medians of compared communes. The comparisons are the median of the département’s compared communes and of France’s (those with an overall grade), each figure its own median: not the total for the département or for France, which large cities pull towards their own figures.
- Immigrants and foreign nationals. INSEE’s two measures: an immigrant was born abroad without French nationality; a foreign national isn’t French today. Neither is a count of people born abroad, which INSEE doesn’t publish by commune.
- Second homes. Homes used for holidays or weekends, with occasional dwellings (kept for work, for example), which INSEE counts together. Their owners are counted where they live, not here.
- Standard of living. INSEE’s Filosofi: disposable income per consumption unit, from tax and benefit files, 2023. The poverty rate is the share of residents below 60% of France’s median. Not published for the smallest communes.
- What France doesn’t ask. The French census asks nothing about ethnicity, religion, language or health, so this page has no such section.
Questions about who lives in Fresnes
What is the population of Fresnes?
153 at INSEE’s 2023 census, 14% fewer than in 2012 (177).
How old are Fresnes’ residents?
The median age is 52.2, older than 89% of compared French towns. 15% are under 18 and 26% 65 or older.
How many second homes are there in Fresnes?
19, with occasional dwellings: 17% of all homes, against 2.1% for the median compared French town.
How many immigrants live in Fresnes?
INSEE counts 7 immigrants (born abroad, not French at birth), 4.5% of residents, and 7 foreign nationals (4.5%). The medians of compared French towns are 6.5% and 4.3%.
What is the median income in Fresnes?
€24,900 a year per consumption unit in 2023 (median of compared French towns €25,970). Source: INSEE, Filosofi.
Sources: INSEE, census 2023 (population, ages, households, homes, marital status, diplomas, immigrants, foreign nationals, employment), 2026 geography · INSEE, Filosofi 2023 (standard of living, poverty) · IGN Admin Express (boundaries) · Medians and percentiles: TownRatings, over compared French towns, updated November 4, 2026. Under the Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 (Etalab).
Contains public sector information under the Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 (Etalab): INSEE, DGFiP, the Interior Ministry’s statistics service (SSMSI), the Ministry of Education (DEPP), the Health Ministry’s statistics service (DREES) and the Housing Ministry (Carte des loyers). Commune boundaries: IGN Admin Express.