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Town Hall & politics · North Lanarkshire Council

North Lanarkshire sets the 4th-lowest council tax in Scotland

Stepps is run by North Lanarkshire Council, its only council: Scotland has one tier of local government, 32 councils. No party won a majority in May 2022; the SNP won the most seats, 36 of 77. At Holyrood its MSP is Fulton James MacGregor (SNP) for Coatbridge and Chryston, with part of the town in Glasgow Easterhouse and Springburn, and seven more represent the Central Scotland and Lothians West region. Stepps is split between 2 Westminster constituencies.

Next elections

May 2027

Every council seat in Scotland. Holyrood’s next election is due in May 2031.

Who can I vote for? ↗
Council tax, Band D
£1,555
North Lanarkshire · 2026–27 · Scotland £1,653
Councillors
7
2 wards · elected May 2022
MSPs
16
two constituencies + Central Scotland and Lothians West list
MPs
2
constituencies cover the town
Turnout, July 2024
58%
Cumbernauld and Kirkintilloch · Scotland 59%
What stands out · In brief

How Stepps is run, in three numbers

No party won a majority

In May 2022 the SNP won the most seats on North Lanarkshire Council, 36 of 77, short of the 39 a majority needs. It ran 43 candidates and 36 were elected. Across Scotland five of the 32 councils returned a single party or independent majority; the proportional vote usually leaves councils to be run by a coalition or a minority. The council ↓

Two wards, seven councillors

93% of Stepps’ residents live in Stepps, Chryston and Muirhead ward. Stepps, Chryston and Muirhead elected 1 Green, 1 Labour and 1 SNP from 7 candidates, the 79th-most contested of Scotland’s 355 wards by candidates per seat. No seat in the town’s wards has gone to a by-election since. Councillors ↓

Council tax below Scotland’s average

North Lanarkshire’s Band D for 2026–27 is £1,555, £99 less than Scotland’s average of £1,653: the 4th-lowest of the 32 councils. Scottish Water’s water and sewerage charges add £652 at Band D on the same bill, and there are no police, fire or parish precepts. Council tax ↓

Written from the data on this page: Democracy Club results, the UK Parliament Members API and Scottish Government council tax.

The council

No party won a majority on North Lanarkshire Council

Seats on North Lanarkshire Council as elected in May 2022, and how Scotland’s other 31 councils compare.

Council · 77 councillors · Stepps elects 7North Lanarkshire CouncilNo majority, 2022
SNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourConservativeConservativeConservativeConservativeConservativeIndependentIndependentBritish Unionist PartyGreen77seats
  • SNP3643 stood
  • Labour3242 stood
  • Conservative521 stood
  • Independent27 stood
  • British Unionist Party11 stood
  • Green18 stood

As elected on 5 May 2022, with each party’s candidates.

A majority needs 39 of the 77 seats. No party won that in 2022: the SNP won the most, 36, and Labour 32. Councils elected by single transferable vote rarely have a majority, so most are run by a coalition or a minority administration agreed after the election. Who leads North Lanarkshire Council now isn’t in this data: the council’s website names its leader and administration. Seats here are as elected in 2022; by-elections since may have changed them, and Democracy Club doesn’t record whose seat each one filled.

Scotland’s 32 councils

Seats by party as elected in May 2022, largest group named. Five of the 32 returned a majority: Na h-Eileanan Siar (Independent), Orkney Islands (Independent), Shetland Islands (Independent), West Dunbartonshire (Labour) and Dundee City (SNP).

North Lanarkshire
SNP 36 of 77
Aberdeen City
SNP 20 of 45
Aberdeenshire
Conservative 26 of 70
Angus
SNP 13 of 28
Argyll and Bute
SNP 12 of 36
City of Edinburgh
SNP 19 of 63
Clackmannanshire
SNP 9 of 18
Na h-Eileanan Siar
Independent 22 of 29
Dumfries and Galloway
Conservative 16 of 43
Dundee City
SNP 15 of 29
East Ayrshire
SNP 14 of 32
East Dunbartonshire
SNP 8 of 22
East Lothian
Labour 10 of 22
East Renfrewshire
SNP 6 of 18
Falkirk
SNP 12 of 30
Fife
SNP 34 of 75
Glasgow City
SNP 37 of 85
Inverclyde
Labour 9 of 22
Midlothian
SNP 8 of 18
North Ayrshire
SNP 12 of 33
Orkney Islands
Independent 19 of 21
Perth and Kinross
SNP 16 of 40
Renfrewshire
SNP 21 of 43
Scottish Borders
Conservative 14 of 34
Shetland Islands
Independent 19 of 23
South Ayrshire
Conservative 10 of 28
South Lanarkshire
SNP 27 of 64
Stirling
SNP 8 of 23
Highland
SNP 22 of 74
Moray
Conservative 11 of 26
West Dunbartonshire
Labour 12 of 22
West Lothian
SNP 15 of 33
SNPLabourConservativeIndependentGreenLiberal DemocratOther parties

Results: Democracy Club (CC BY 4.0), who was elected in each ward on 5 May 2022 (and two delayed polls on 30 June 2022).

Who runs it

One council, then Holyrood and Westminster

Stepps has no county, district or town council: since 1996 Scotland has had 32 councils, each the only council for its area.

North Lanarkshire Council

Every local service: schools (it is the education authority), social care (with the NHS board, through a health and social care partnership), local roads, bins and recycling, planning, council housing, libraries and leisure. It sets and collects council tax.

www.northlanarkshire.gov.uk ↗
Scottish Parliament and Government

Holyrood makes Scotland’s laws on health, education, justice, transport and housing, sets Scottish income tax rates, and funds councils. Its national bodies run the NHS boards, Police Scotland, the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service, Scottish Water and trunk roads.

gov.scot ↗
UK Parliament and Government

Westminster keeps defence, foreign affairs, immigration, the state pension and most benefits, and most taxes other than income tax rates.

gov.uk ↗

Who to ask

Bins, recycling and the tipNorth Lanarkshire Council
Schools and school transportNorth Lanarkshire Council
Care at home and care homesNorth Lanarkshire Council health and social care partnership
Planning applicationsNorth Lanarkshire Council
Council housing and homelessnessNorth Lanarkshire Council
Potholes and streetlightsNorth Lanarkshire Council
Council tax and water charges billNorth Lanarkshire Council
Hospitals and GPsYour NHS board
Motorways and trunk roadsTransport Scotland
PolicingPolice Scotland
Fire safety visitsScottish Fire and Rescue Service
Water, sewers and leaksScottish Water
Disability and carer benefitsSocial Security Scotland
State pension and Universal CreditDepartment for Work and Pensions
Passports and immigrationHome Office

Green: the council. Gold: the Scottish Government or one of its national bodies. Gray: the UK Government. Community councils, where they exist, pass on local views to the council but run no services and raise no money.

Who represents Stepps

From the council to Westminster

Every elected tier that speaks for Stepps, from the most recent elections: council 2022, Holyrood 2026, Westminster 2024.

  1. 1
    North Lanarkshire Council2 wards · 7 councillors, 2022
    Labour 3 · SNP 3 · Green 1 · all 7
  2. 2
    Scottish Parliament2 constituencies + Central Scotland and Lothians West region · 2026
    Fulton James MacGregorIvan McKeeList MSPs: Labour 5 · Reform UK 5 · Green 3 · Conservative 1 · all 14
  3. 3
    House of Commons2 constituencies
LabourSNPGreenReform UKConservative

Party colours are neutral on purpose: they tell parties apart and aren’t the parties’ own.

Councillors

7 councillors for Stepps’s two wards

East CentreDennistounCanalBishopbriggs SouthCoatbridge NorthNorth East: most 2022 seats LabourGartcosh, Glenboig and Moodiesburn: most 2022 seats SNPLenzie and Kirkintilloch SouthBishopbriggs North and Campsie: most 2022 seats SNPSpringburn/RobroystonStepps, Chryston and MuirheadDennistounCanalBishopbriggs SouthNorth EastLenzie and Kirkintilloch SouthSpringburn/RobroystonAudrey Dempsey (Labour)Christina Cannon (SNP)Graham Campbell (SNP)Thomas Rannachan (Labour)Stepps, Chryston and MuirheadClaire Louise Williams (Green)John McLaren (Labour)Josh Cairns (SNP)
Stepps’s wards, shaded by the party that won most of their seats in 2022 (gray: a tie), with neighbouring wards faded. The dashed line is the town as National Records of Scotland draws it. Ward boundaries: ONS (OGL); locality: NRS 2022 (OGL).
Stepps, Chryston and Muirhead
93% of Stepps · 3 seats · 7 candidates · 54% of the ward’s people live in Stepps
  • Claire Louise Williams
  • John McLaren
  • Josh Cairns

Also stood in 2022: Christina Sandhu (Conservative), Ian MacQuarrie (SNP), Margaret-Anne Shaw (Labour), Neil K Casey (Liberal Democrat).

79th of Scotland’s 355 wards by candidates per seat (2.3).

Springburn/Robroyston
7% of Stepps · 4 seats · 8 candidates · 2% of the ward’s people live in Stepps
  • Audrey Dempsey
  • Christina Cannon
  • Graham Campbell
  • Thomas Rannachan

Also stood in 2022: Farah Hamid (Alba), Madeleine Guthrie (Green), Peter Davies (Liberal Democrat), Richard Johnson (Conservative).

166th of Scotland’s 355 wards by candidates per seat (2.0).

Each ward elects three or four councillors by single transferable vote: voters number the candidates in order, and a candidate who reaches the quota is elected, with spare votes passed on to the next preference. The names are those elected in 2022; a seat that falls vacant goes to a by-election, and as Democracy Club doesn’t record whose seat that was, each ward lists its by-elections beside the 2022 councillors. First-preference votes and turnout for 2022 aren’t in the open data used here.

GreenLabourSNPConservativeLiberal DemocratAlba

Results: Democracy Club (CC BY 4.0), who stood and who was elected on 5 May 2022 and at by-elections since; candidates per seat ranked over Scotland’s 355 wards. Democracy Club.

The 2022 council election

Who stood, and who was elected

Every candidate for North Lanarkshire Council on 5 May 2022, by party: the light bar is candidates, the solid bar those elected. Vote counts for Scotland’s 2022 council elections aren’t in the open data used here, so this shows seats.

SNP36 of 43
Labour32 of 42
Conservative5 of 21
Independent2 of 7
Green1 of 8
British Unionist Party1 of 1
Alba0 of 6
Scottish Family Party0 of 5
Liberal Democrat0 of 4
UKIP0 of 2
Freedom Alliance0 of 1
Independence for Scotland Party0 of 1
Scottish Socialist Party0 of 1
Social Democratic Party0 of 1

Share of candidates elected, Scotland

SNP81%
Labour68%
Conservative51%
Independent41%
Liberal Democrat32%
Green15%
Alba0%
Scottish Family Party0%

Parties with 20 or more candidates across all 32 councils.

143 candidates stood for 77 seats across North Lanarkshire Council in May 2022, 1.9 for each seat (Scotland: 2.1). The SNP elected 36 of 43 candidates; Labour 32 of 42 and the Conservatives 5 of 21. Under single transferable vote a party that runs two candidates in a ward can split its vote, so the share elected says something about strategy as well as support.

The 2022 council election: same source as Councillors, above. Democracy Club (CC BY 4.0): candidates and who was elected, 5 May 2022 (two wards on 30 June 2022), all 355 wards.

Scottish Parliament

Fulton James MacGregor is Stepps’ constituency MSP

Each voter has two votes: one for a constituency MSP (73, first past the post) and one for a party list in their region (8 regions, 7 MSPs each). Results of 7 May 2026, on the new boundaries.

Coatbridge and Chryston · constituency7 May 2026
Fulton James MacGregor ElectedSNP49.1%
Kieron HigginsLabour26.1%
Mandy LindsayReform UK17.5%
Andy BruceConservative3.8%
Daniel Richard Hugh ManciniLiberal Democrat3.6%

29,442 votes for candidates · 93% of Stepps

Constituency vote by party

PartyShareScotland
SNP49.1%38.3%
Labour26.1%19.2%
Reform UK17.5%15.5%
Conservative3.8%11.9%
Liberal Democrat3.6%11.4%

The tick is each party’s share of the constituency vote across all 73 constituencies.

Fulton James MacGregor won Coatbridge and Chryston with 49.1% of 29,442 votes, 23.0 points ahead of Kieron Higgins (Labour): the 12th-widest margin of Scotland’s 73 constituencies.

Glasgow Easterhouse and Springburn (7% of Stepps): Ivan McKee
Glasgow Easterhouse and Springburn · constituency7 May 2026
Ivan McKee ElectedSNP46.2%
Paul John SweeneyLabour and Co-operative26.2%
Audrey DempseyReform UK20.6%
Nicholas Christopher MoohanLiberal Democrat3.1%
Josephine MacLeodConservative2.7%
Kenneth NwosuScottish Common Party1.2%

25,802 votes for candidates

Central Scotland and Lothians West region · 7 list MSPs · elected 7 May 2026
  • Graham Simpson Mandy Lindsay Amanda Bland
  • Mark Griffin Jenny Young
  • Meghan Gallacher
  • Gillian Audrey MacKay

The region’s 9 constituencies elected 9 SNP; the list seats went to 3 Reform UK, 2 Labour, 1 Conservative and 1 Green. List seats top up parties whose constituency wins fall short of their share of the regional list vote. Democracy Club records who was elected from each list but not the list votes, so they aren’t shown.

Glasgow region · 7 list MSPs · elected 7 May 2026
  • Anas Sarwar Pauline McNeill Paul John Sweeney
  • Patrick Harvie Iris Duane
  • Thomas Jordan Kerr Kim Schmulian

The region’s 8 constituencies elected 7 SNP and 1 Green; the list seats went to 3 Labour, 2 Green and 2 Reform UK. List seats top up parties whose constituency wins fall short of their share of the regional list vote. Democracy Club records who was elected from each list but not the list votes, so they aren’t shown.

Scottish Parliament · 129 MSPsHolyrood, as elected in May 2026
SNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPSNPLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourLabourReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKReform UKGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenConservativeConservativeConservativeConservativeConservativeConservativeConservativeConservativeConservativeConservativeConservativeConservativeLiberal DemocratLiberal DemocratLiberal DemocratLiberal DemocratLiberal DemocratLiberal DemocratLiberal DemocratLiberal DemocratLiberal DemocratLiberal Democrat129seats
  • SNP5857 + 1 list
  • Labour173 + 14 list
  • Reform UK170 + 17 list
  • Green152 + 13 list
  • Conservative124 + 8 list
  • Liberal Democrat107 + 3 list

Constituency seats + list seats. A majority needs 65.

Across Scotland the SNP won 58 of the 129 seats, 57 of them constituencies, short of the 65 a majority needs. The additional member system is built to keep the Parliament roughly proportional: Labour 14 of 17, Reform UK 17 of 17 and the Greens 13 of 15 seats came from the regional lists.

SNPLabourReform UKConservativeLiberal DemocratGreenOther parties

Scottish Parliament: same source as Councillors, above. Results: Democracy Club (CC BY 4.0): constituency votes and who was elected, regional list members, 7 May 2026; constituencies and regions: ONS (2026 boundaries, OGL), matched to the town by NRS Census 2022 output areas.

Westminster

Stepps is split between 2 constituencies

The constituencies’ MP and the 4 July 2024 general election, the whole constituency’s result. Scotland elects 57 of the Commons’ 650 MPs.

Cumbernauld and Kirkintilloch · general election4 July 2024
Katrina Murray ElectedLabour45.2%
Stuart McDonaldSNP35.1%
Billy RossReform UK7.7%
Satbir GillConservative4.7%
Anne McCrossanGreen4.1%
Adam HarleyLiberal Democrat3.2%

40,976 votes for candidates · majority 4,144

93% of Stepps · MP for Cumbernauld and Kirkintilloch

Katrina Murray

Labour, MP since 4 July 2024.

58%

turnout in July 2024: 40,976 votes from 70,350 registered voters. Scotland: 59%.

Majority 4,144 of 40,976 votes (10.1%): the 20th-narrowest of Scotland’s 57.

Glasgow North East

Glasgow North East · general election4 July 2024
Maureen Burke ElectedLabour45.9%
Anne McLaughlinSNP32.3%
Ewan LewisGreen7.2%
Jonathan WalmsleyReform UK6.7%
Robert ConnellyConservative3.5%
Sheila ThomsonLiberal Democrat1.7%
Catherine McKernanAlba1.6%
Chris SermanniTUSC0.7%
Gary SteeleCommunist Party of Britain0.4%

34,091 votes for candidates · majority 4,637

7% of Stepps · MP for Glasgow North East

Maureen Burke

Labour, MP since 4 July 2024.

47%

turnout in July 2024: 34,091 votes from 72,610 registered voters. Scotland: 59%.

Majority 4,637 of 34,091 votes (13.6%): the 27th-narrowest of Scotland’s 57.

LabourSNPReform UKConservativeGreenLiberal DemocratAlbaOther parties

MPs and results: UK Parliament Members API (Open Parliament Licence v3.0); constituencies from ONS (2024 boundaries). Percentages are of valid votes; turnout is votes cast over the electorate.

Council tax

Band D is £1,555 in North Lanarkshire for 2026–27

£99 below Scotland’s average, the 4th-lowest of 32 councils.

A Band D bill, 2026–27

£1,555council tax · North Lanarkshire council£652water and sewerage · Scottish Water

A Band D home in North Lanarkshire pays £2,207 on its council tax bill for 2026–27: £1,555 council tax and £652 for water and sewerage, which the council collects for Scottish Water. The council tax is the council’s alone: Police Scotland and the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service are paid for nationally, and there are no county, parish or police precepts. Scotland’s average Band D is £1,653; North Lanarkshire’s is the 4th-lowest of the 32 councils.

Band D by council, 2026–27

South Lanarkshire£1,468
Shetland Islands£1,488
Na h-Eileanan Siar£1,506
North Lanarkshire£1,555
Fife£1,574
Dumfries and Galloway£1,579
Angus£1,599
Scottish Borders£1,619
East Renfrewshire£1,620
City of Edinburgh£1,626
West Lothian£1,628
Highland£1,634
Orkney Islands£1,669
Perth and Kinross£1,674
Inverclyde£1,674
West Dunbartonshire£1,682
Clackmannanshire£1,684
North Ayrshire£1,686
Aberdeenshire£1,686
Renfrewshire£1,691
South Ayrshire£1,695
East Lothian£1,698
Glasgow City£1,706
Falkirk£1,715
East Ayrshire£1,717
Dundee City£1,730
Moray£1,731
Aberdeen City£1,748
East Dunbartonshire£1,752
Stirling£1,753
Argyll and Bute£1,783
Midlothian£1,816

Council tax only, cheapest first; the tick is Scotland’s average, £1,653.

North Lanarkshire council tax by band, 2026–27

Band A£1,036
Band B£1,209
Band C£1,382
Band D£1,555
Band E£2,043
Band F£2,526
Band G£3,044
Band H£3,809

Council tax a year, before discounts; water and sewerage charges come on top.

Your band comes from what the home would have sold for on 1 April 1991, from up to £27,000 (A) to over £212,000 (H); the Scottish Assessors publish every home’s band. Bands E to H have paid a larger share of Band D since April 2017. Living alone takes 25% off the council tax and the water charges, and Council Tax Reduction helps on a low income.

Scottish Government, Council Tax by band 2026–27, and Scottish Water charges 2026–27 (Open Government Licence v3.0). Earlier years’ Band D and what each council spends by service aren’t loaded here.

Get involved

Having a say in how Stepps is run

Register to vote

In Scotland you can vote in council and Holyrood elections from 16, and foreign nationals with leave to remain can too. No photo ID is needed at those polls; it is for UK general elections.

gov.uk ↗
Contact your councillors, MSPs or MP

Type a postcode to write to each of its councillors, its constituency and regional MSPs and its MP.

WriteToThem ↗
Join your community council

Volunteers elected for a neighbourhood: they are consulted on planning and licensing and pass on local views, but run no services. Most have vacancies.

communitycouncils.scot ↗
Comment on a planning application

Search applications near you and comment while they are open; most councils use ePlanning Scotland.

eplanning.scot ↗
Petition the Scottish Parliament

Anyone can lodge a petition; the Citizen Participation and Public Petitions Committee considers each one.

petitions.parliament.scot ↗
Watch or speak at a council meeting

Council and committee meetings are open to the public, most webcast, with agendas and minutes online.

northlanarkshire.gov.uk ↗
Stand for election

The next council elections are due in May 2027 and the next Holyrood election in May 2031; the Electoral Commission has the rules and nomination papers.

Electoral Commission ↗

Questions about how Stepps is run

Which council runs Stepps?

Stepps is run by North Lanarkshire Council, one of Scotland’s 32 councils. There is no county, district or town council; community councils speak for neighbourhoods but have no powers to run services or raise money.

Who controls North Lanarkshire Council?

No party won a majority in May 2022: SNP 36 · Labour 32 · Conservative 5 · Independent 2 · British Unionist Party 1 · Green 1 of 77 seats as elected. By-elections may have changed that since, and the council’s website names its current leader and administration.

Who are Stepps’ councillors?

Stepps is in 2 wards. Stepps, Chryston and Muirhead elected Claire Louise Williams (Green), John McLaren (Labour), Josh Cairns (SNP); Springburn/Robroyston elected Audrey Dempsey (Labour), Christina Cannon (SNP), Graham Campbell (SNP), Thomas Rannachan (Labour), all in 2022.

Who is the MSP for Stepps?

Fulton James MacGregor (SNP) was elected for Coatbridge and Chryston on 7 May 2026. Part of Stepps is in Glasgow Easterhouse and Springburn. Seven list MSPs also represent the Central Scotland and Lothians West region: Graham Simpson (Reform UK), Mandy Lindsay (Reform UK), Amanda Bland (Reform UK), Mark Griffin (Labour), Jenny Young (Labour), Meghan Gallacher (Conservative), Gillian Audrey MacKay (Green).

Who is the MP for Stepps?

Stepps is split between 2 constituencies: Cumbernauld and Kirkintilloch (Katrina Murray, Labour) and Glasgow North East (Maureen Burke, Labour).

How much is council tax in Stepps?

Band D council tax in North Lanarkshire is £1,555 for 2026–27 (Scotland’s average: £1,653). Water and sewerage charges of £652 at Band D come on the same bill. Bands run from A (240/360 of Band D) to H (882/360).

Do I pay a separate water bill in Stepps?

No. Scottish Water’s water and sewerage charges are billed and collected by the council with council tax, and they rise with the council tax band.

When are the next elections in Stepps?

The next council elections are due in May 2027 and the next Scottish Parliament election in May 2031. The next UK general election must be held by August 2029.

Sources: National Records of Scotland Census 2022 output areas and localities, and ONS ward, constituency and Scottish Parliament boundaries (Open Government Licence v3.0) · GOV.UK local council finder · Democracy Club candidates and results (CC BY 4.0) · UK Parliament Members API (Open Parliament Licence v3.0) · Scottish Government Council Tax by band 2026–27 and Scottish Water charges (OGL v3.0). Contains Parliamentary information licensed under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0.

Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Contains HM Land Registry data © Crown copyright and database right 2026. Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2026 (ONS boundaries). Northern Ireland: Source: NISRA; contains Land & Property Services data and Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland information, © Crown copyright, licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Scotland: contains National Records of Scotland data, Registers of Scotland data and SEPA data, © Crown copyright / © SEPA 2025, licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.