Photo: Gilles Guillamot · CC BY-SA 3.0Half of Pouillon is over 52.3, older than 89% of compared French towns
The share of one-person households trails 75% of compared French towns: 30%. The 2023 Census put Pouillon’s population at 3,134, in 1,400 households. Census figures put households in social housing at 2.2% here. Households headed by a retired person are more common here than in 95% of compared French towns.
Throughout this page, the Landes median and the France median are the median of compared communes (those with an overall grade), each figure its own median. Source: INSEE, census 2023.
What stands out about the people of Pouillon
An older town
Half of Pouillon’s residents are under 52.3 and half over; the median of compared French towns is 44. 29% are 65 or older (France median 22%), 9.6% 80 or older. Ages ↓
Written from INSEE’s census 2023 on this page, against compared French towns.
A growing town: +6% since 2012, faster than 56% of compared French towns
Residents at INSEE’s last three censuses, each recast in the 2026 commune boundaries. France has no yearly estimate by commune between censuses.
2012 to 2023
2017 to 2023
For comparison, the median compared French town changed +5% and the median Landes town +9%. The first five years brought +4%; the six to 2023, +2%.
Pouillon: 29% of residents are 65 or over, above 84% of compared French towns
Shares of residents by age at the 2023 census.
Age groups · share of residents
Median age of the 3,798 compared French towns
■ Pouillon 52.3. The median compared French town: 44.
The figure for residents aged 15 to 24 is 8.6% in Pouillon and 11% in the typical compared French town. By way of comparison, 22% of residents are 65 or over in the typical compared French town.
Women and men · all residents
53% women, 47% men
About 90 men for every 100 women. Median share of women: Landes 51.9%, France 51.8%. Women live longer than men, so towns with many older residents have more women.
Fewer single-parent households than 68% of compared French towns: 8.9%
A household is everyone who shares a main home (résidence principale). Household types come from INSEE’s fuller sample of a quarter of census forms.
Against the Landes median and the France median
Living alone · share
The average household has 2.2 people. 24% of households are couples with children, a lower share than in 57% of compared French towns. By way of comparison, one in ten households are single parents in the typical compared French town.
A smaller share of flats than 87% of compared French towns: 9.6%
Every home the census counted: main residences, second homes and occasional dwellings (INSEE counts them together), and empty homes. Owning and renting are on Cost of living.
All homes · share of homes
Type of home
Cars per household · share of households
Against a figure of 11% in the typical compared French town, the share of households without a car in Pouillon comes in at 5.4%. To put it in context, 30% of homes are flats in the typical compared French town. Second homes account for 5.2%. Few places have as many empty homes: 7.1% here, more than in 54% of compared French towns.
A typical living standard of €25,310 a year
The standard of living (niveau de vie) is a household’s disposable income after taxes and benefits, divided by its consumption units (UC) to allow for its size and make-up: 1 for the first adult, 0.5 for each other person 14 or older, 0.3 for each child under 14.
Medians of compared communes. Source: INSEE, Filosofi 2023.
Half of Pouillon’s residents live in households with a standard of living below €25,310 a year per consumption unit, and half above: lower than in 57% of compared French towns. The share living below the poverty line is 13.0%.
A smaller share of households headed by a manager or professional than 76% of compared French towns: 6%
Households by the socio-professional group (PCS) of their reference person, INSEE’s own categories. Jobs and commuting are on the Work & commute page.
Households by reference person’s group · share of households
The share of households headed by a manual worker is 11%, against 14% in the typical compared French town. The wider picture: 9.4% of households are headed by a manager or professional in the typical compared French town.
Each household is counted once, by the occupation of its reference person (usually the oldest working adult).
Below 82% of compared French towns: 3% of residents are immigrants
INSEE publishes two measures, which overlap but aren’t the same. Neither is the UK’s “born abroad”.
Share of residents · census 2023
Immigrant (immigré)
Born abroad, not French at birth. Someone stays an immigrant after becoming French. A French citizen born abroad (for example in Algeria before 1962) is not one.
Foreign national (étranger)
Not a French citizen today, wherever born. A child born in France to foreign parents can be a foreign national without being an immigrant.
The median compared commune in Landes has 5.4%; immigrants here make up a share lower than in just over four fifths of compared French towns. Elsewhere, 6.5% of residents are immigrants in the typical compared French town. About one in 59: that is how common foreign nationals are in Pouillon (1.7%).
INSEE publishes no country of birth or ethnicity by commune in these tables, and the census doesn’t ask about religion.
In Pouillon, 19% of residents 15 and over are single, fewer than in 96% of compared French towns
Residents 15 and over by how they live: the census asks both the legal status and whether people live as a couple.
Residents 15 and over · share
Set against 43% in the typical compared French town, 48% of residents 15 and over are married in Pouillon. Single residents make up 25% in the typical compared French town.
Pouillon sits below 61% of compared French towns for graduates of higher education (27%)
Highest diploma of residents 15 and over who have left education, in French terms: the levels don’t map one-to-one to UK or U.S. ones.
Highest diploma · 15 and over, out of education
For Pouillon, the census puts adults with no qualification at 18%. On average, 30% of adults out of school hold a higher-education qualification in the typical compared French town.
41 French towns of 3,111 to 3,157 people: this is the 8th oldest
The 40 compared French towns nearest in population, by median age. Hover for each one’s second homes and immigrants; click for its page.
At the ends of the range sit Longperrier (33.7), the youngest, and La Tranche-sur-Mer (64.6), the oldest.
Older than Pouillon: 1 of the 6 towns nearby
The nearest towns of 2,500 or more, colored by median age. Source: INSEE, census 2023.
| Town | Median age | 65+ | Second homes | Immigrants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pouillon | 52.3 | 29% | 5.2% | 3% |
| Narrosse 3,387 · 6.3 mi | 49.3 | 27% | 3% | 7.6% |
| Peyrehorade 3,700 · 6.6 mi | 46.7 | 28% | 4.6% | 5.9% |
| Dax 22,109 · 7.2 mi | 49.3 | 29% | 17% | 9.7% |
| Saint-Paul-lès-Dax 14,481 · 9.1 mi | 51.3 | 32% | 10% | 6.6% |
| Salies-de-Béarn 4,742 · 10.1 mi | 57.6 | 38% | 14% | 8.7% |
| Saint-Vincent-de-Paul 3,402 · 10.3 mi | 47.7 | 24% | 2.8% | 5.2% |
Health, work, housing and schools
What this data can and can’t tell you
- Census 2023. INSEE’s census is a rolling survey: a fifth of small communes each year, 8% of homes in large ones each year. “2023” pools the surveys of 2021 to 2025, so the figures describe the town around 2023, not on one day.
- Medians of compared communes. The comparisons are the median of the département’s compared communes and of France’s (those with an overall grade), each figure its own median: not the total for the département or for France, which large cities pull towards their own figures.
- Immigrants and foreign nationals. INSEE’s two measures: an immigrant was born abroad without French nationality; a foreign national isn’t French today. Neither is a count of people born abroad, which INSEE doesn’t publish by commune.
- Second homes. Homes used for holidays or weekends, with occasional dwellings (kept for work, for example), which INSEE counts together. Their owners are counted where they live, not here.
- Standard of living. INSEE’s Filosofi: disposable income per consumption unit, from tax and benefit files, 2023. The poverty rate is the share of residents below 60% of France’s median. Not published for the smallest communes.
- What France doesn’t ask. The French census asks nothing about ethnicity, religion, language or health, so this page has no such section.
Questions about who lives in Pouillon
What is the population of Pouillon?
3,134 at INSEE’s 2023 census, 6% more than in 2012 (2,953).
How old are Pouillon’s residents?
The median age is 52.3, older than 89% of compared French towns. 18% are under 18 and 29% 65 or older.
How many second homes are there in Pouillon?
83, with occasional dwellings: 5.2% of all homes, against 2.1% for the median compared French town.
How many immigrants live in Pouillon?
INSEE counts 95 immigrants (born abroad, not French at birth), 3% of residents, and 53 foreign nationals (1.7%). The medians of compared French towns are 6.5% and 4.3%.
What is the median income in Pouillon?
€25,310 a year per consumption unit in 2023 (median of compared French towns €25,970); 13.0% of residents live below the poverty line. Source: INSEE, Filosofi.
Sources: INSEE, census 2023 (population, ages, households, homes, marital status, diplomas, immigrants, foreign nationals, employment), 2026 geography · INSEE, Filosofi 2023 (standard of living, poverty) · IGN Admin Express (boundaries) · Medians and percentiles: TownRatings, over compared French towns, updated November 4, 2026. Under the Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 (Etalab).
Contains public sector information under the Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 (Etalab): INSEE, DGFiP, the Interior Ministry’s statistics service (SSMSI), the Ministry of Education (DEPP), the Health Ministry’s statistics service (DREES) and the Housing Ministry (Carte des loyers). Commune boundaries: IGN Admin Express.