Photo: Léo Schmitt · CC BY-SA 4.0FEMA expects more hazard damage per building in Madison than in 66% of U.S. towns, mostly from river and rain flooding
On FEMA’s National Risk Index, Madison gets a C for hazard risk: higher expected damage per building than 66% of U.S. towns, #91 of 155 in Connecticut. Most of that expected damage is river and rain flooding (60%), then hurricanes (27%). Flood insurance has paid 448 claims here since 1978.
Graded on FEMA’s expected yearly building damage per dollar of building value (NRI v1.20, December 2025), weighted by where residents live; flood claims are shown, not graded. How hazard risk is graded
What stands out about Madison’s natural hazards
From FEMA’s model and FEMA’s records, below.
What Madison faces
Each hazard’s share of the building damage FEMA expects here, and how its rate compares with the rest of the country.
River and rain flooding
Hurricanes
Coastal flooding
Shares are of FEMA’s expected building damage, the measure the grade uses; ranks compare each hazard’s building-damage rate with all 85,154 U.S. census tracts. In FEMA’s terms, river and rain flooding is FEMA’s “Inland Flooding” (rivers and streams overflowing their banks, or rain overwhelming drainage). FEMA defines coastal flooding as high or rising tides and storm surge, so surge damage is counted there. Drought isn’t listed: FEMA counts its losses in crops only.
What’s behind Madison’s grade
River and rain flooding is 60% of the building damage FEMA expects in Madison, and Madison’s rate of river and rain flooding damage is higher than 61% of U.S. census tracts. Coastal flooding adds 8%, at a rate in the top 2% of U.S. census tracts.
C #91 of 155 in Connecticut; higher expected damage per building than 66% of U.S. towns (21,298).
Madison’s residents live in 4 census tracts; FEMA’s figures are combined by where they live.
The typical Connecticut town has higher expected damage than 62% of U.S. towns; within the state, Madison has more expected damage per building than 58% of Connecticut towns.
In dollars, FEMA expects about $7.3M a year in losses across Madison: $7.0M to buildings, the rest to people and crops.
Does Madison flood? Yes: 448 flood claims since 1978
Every paid claim on a federal flood insurance policy in Madison, from FEMA’s records: 56.4 per 1,000 homes, more than 93% of the 13,809 U.S. towns with a flood insurance record.
- Hurricane Irene140 claims · $6.5M
- Hurricane Sandy91 claims · $2.5M
- Hurricane Gloria62 claims · $756K
Madison isn’t in FEMA’s Community Rating System, which cuts flood insurance up to 45% in towns that do extra flood-proofing.
Insurance rates: the county.Madison and its neighbors
Madison is 3rd of the 5 graded towns here, from least expected damage per building to most. Tap a town to see its hazards.
| Town | Hazard risk | Mostly (buildings) | Flood claims |
|---|---|---|---|
| Killingworth | Bless damage than 63% | river and rain flooding | 5 |
| Durham | B−more damage than 52% | river and rain flooding | 4 |
| Madison | Cmore damage than 66% | river and rain flooding | 448 |
| Guilford | Cmore damage than 70% | river and rain flooding | 317 |
| Clinton | C−more damage than 78% | river and rain flooding | 345 |
| Madison Center | — | a Census area inside a town; graded with the town | |
Hazard risk = FEMA’s expected yearly building damage per dollar of building value, vs. the 21,298 U.S. towns we grade; the map is shaded by fifths of the same scale. Flood claims = paid federal flood insurance claims on record.
Get ready for what Madison faces
A short kit for the hazards that drive the building damage here, what to check before you buy, and where neighbors get alerts.
- Turn around at flooded roads: a foot of moving water can carry off a car.
- Flood insurance usually takes 30 days to start, so buy it before the forecast.
- Keep papers and medicines up high, in a grab-and-go bag.
- The season runs June through November and peaks from mid-August to mid-October.
- Bring in porch furniture and anything the wind can throw.
- Fill the gas tank and charge phones before the storm arrives.
- Know your evacuation zone and the way off the coast.
- Storm surge comes fast: leave when you’re told, not when the water arrives.
- Move cars to high ground before king tides and nor’easters.
- Look up the address on FEMA’s flood map.
- Ask the seller or landlord whether it has ever flooded, and what flood insurance costs there.
- Get a flood insurance quote early: policies usually start 30 days after you buy.
Know where neighbors sign up for alerts? Add it to the Handbook so everyone has it.
Questions about natural hazards in Madison
Is Madison at risk for natural disasters?
On FEMA’s National Risk Index, Madison has higher expected damage per building than 66% of U.S. towns: C for hazard risk, #91 of 155 in Connecticut. Most of the expected damage is river and rain flooding (60%) and hurricanes (27%). This is FEMA’s model of an average year for today’s buildings, not a forecast.
Does Madison flood?
Flood insurance has paid 448 claims in Madison since 1978, $11.3M in all, or 56.4 per 1,000 homes, more than 93% of U.S. towns with a flood insurance record. 92 properties have flooded more than once. The most claims came from Hurricane Irene (140).
Is Madison in a flood zone?
Flood zones are drawn street by street, so the answer depends on the address: look it up on FEMA’s flood map. In the county, 52% of homes in mapped flood zones carry federal flood insurance, and 3.2% of all homes do.
How much is flood insurance in Madison?
FEMA’s Community Rating System list shows no discount for Madison’s flood program. Premiums depend on the building; policies usually start 30 days after you buy, so get a quote early.
What was the biggest storm in Madison?
By flood claims, Hurricane Irene: 140 paid, $6.5M.
Is Madison at risk from river and rain flooding?
It is the largest share of the building damage FEMA expects here (60%), and Madison’s rate for it is higher than 61% of U.S. census tracts.
Storm stories
Memories, warnings and help from neighbors in Madison.
Sources: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (December 2025), census-tract table, combined by where Madison’s residents lived in the 2020 census; OpenFEMA: NFIP redacted claims, multiple-loss properties, community status book and residential penetration rates, housing assistance (owners and renters), public assistance funded projects, hazard mitigation properties and disaster declarations. Homes: Census ACS 2020–24. Preparedness tips: Ready.gov. FEMA’s model is an average of expected damage, not a forecast. How hazard risk is graded.