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History · Jacksonville

Jacksonville’s post office opened in 1837, and 58% of its homes were built before 1940

Below: maps from 1908 on and the census since 1880.

1837first post office
0on the National Register
58%homes built before 1940
Quick answers

How Jacksonville began

When was Jacksonville founded?

1837

The Jacksonville post office opened in 1837, the earliest record of the town by name.

First census: 163 in 18802020 census: 122189 years
Founding year: the first Jacksonville post office (Blevins & Helbock, CC0).The full story ↓

What stands out about Jacksonville’s past

Read from the archive, the National Register and the record. The page puts what stands out first.

★ What stands out · Help out

Start Jacksonville’s collection

The first neighbors to add old photos shape how Jacksonville’s history is told.

Decades since 1900 with photos
00s10s20s30s40s50s60s70s80s90s
0 of 10 decades. The empty ones are waiting for someone’s album.
The story

How Jacksonville came to be

From Wikipedia’s history of Jacksonville.

Read it all →

A post office called Jacksonville has been in operation since 1837. The community takes its name from Jackson Township.

Text from Wikipedia, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0.

People over time

Jacksonville, census by census

010020030018801900192019401960198020002020Peak: 275

Peaked at 275 in 1920; 122 people lived here in 2020.

15 censuses, 1880–2020.

U.S. Census Bureau decennial counts, from the census table on Jacksonville’s Wikipedia page.

From the old history books

What they wrote about Jacksonville in 1920

Passages that mention Jacksonville, cut from the printed page as they were published.

Mr. Lamb came in November, 1837, from Casey County, Kentucky, and followed farming and later kept a hotel in the town of Jacksonville. In 1837 there were no settlements on the prairie. A road ran north and south through the township, called the "Bee Trace," so called from the fact that it was the r…
History of Randolph County, Missouri1920 · page 156Read the page →
Read the text

Mr. Lamb came in November, 1837, from Casey County, Kentucky, and followed farming and later kept a hotel in the town of Jacksonville. In 1837 there were no settlements on the prairie. A road ran north and south through the township, called the "Bee Trace," so called from the fact that it was the route traveled by the old pioneers who hunted wild honey, which was worth at that time twenty cents a gallon.

Text read by machine from the scan; it may contain errors.
The town of Jacksonville is located on the Wabash Railway, 19 milea northwest of Huntsville, and 12 miles north of Moberly. The town site was owned by William McCanne, Jr., John W. McCanne, St., and Henry Owen, who donated 50 acres to the railroad company, provided they would locate a depot upon it…
History of Randolph County, Missouri1920 · page 157Read the page →
Read the text

The town of Jacksonville is located on the Wabash Railway, 19 milea northwest of Huntsville, and 12 miles north of Moberly. The town site was owned by William McCanne, Jr., John W. McCanne, St., and Henry Owen, who donated 50 acres to the railroad company, provided they would locate a depot upon it. This was about the year 1858.

Text read by machine from the scan; it may contain errors.

Scans and text from the Internet Archive. Books published in 1930 or earlier, which are in the public domain.

Timeline

Jacksonville, 1837 to 1920

Woven from the archive, old maps, post office records, the National Register and the people born here.

  1. 19th century
  2. 1837Post officeThe Jacksonville post office opens
  3. 20th century
  4. 1908On the mapFirst mapped by the U.S. Geological Survey
  5. 1920CensusPopulation peaks at 275
By decade

No old photos in the archives yet

Weddings on Main Street, storms, parades, school pictures, the old store. If it’s in your family album, it belongs here.

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On the map

Jacksonville on the map, 1908 to 1971

Every edition of the U.S. Geological Survey’s map of Jacksonville. Tap a year, or press play to watch the town change.

Jacksonville on the 1908 USGS mapJacksonville on the 1910 USGS mapJacksonville on the 1971 USGS map1908Macon sheet · 1:62,500

U.S. Geological Survey historical topographic maps (public domain), via Esri’s collection of the scans. The red ring marks the center of Jacksonville.

Questions about Jacksonville’s history

What year was Jacksonville founded?

The Jacksonville post office opened in 1837, the earliest record of the town by name (U.S. post office records).

Memory lane

What the archives can’t tell you, neighbors can.

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Sources

Where this page comes from

Founding dates: Wikidata, Wikipedia, the U.S. post office records of Blevins & Helbock (CC0) and the Census. Homes by year built: Census ACS 2020–24. National Register of Historic Places: National Park Service (list of May 22, 2026). Old photos, postcards and papers: Wikimedia Commons, the Library of Congress and other public archives, credited on each item’s page. Maps: U.S. Geological Survey historical topographic maps (via Esri) and Sanborn fire-insurance maps (Library of Congress). History text and census tables: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0). Places that used to be: USGS Geographic Names Information System (2021). How TownRatings grades history →

From Wikipedia, U.S. Geological Survey historical maps, U.S. Census counts (via Wikipedia), the US Post Offices dataset (Blevins & Helbock), the USGS Geographic Names Information System and old county and town histories (Internet Archive). Archive images are copied here with their credits and licenses, shown on each photo’s page. Refreshed monthly.