Grange UpperWaterford

The neighbourhood, home to 2,510 people, lies in Waterford.

6 places within 19 kmMap →

Photo: Charlie Doolally · CC BY-SA 2.0

Population

2,510

CSO, Census 2022 · Waterford City and County Council

Median age

37.2

13% are 65+ · Co. Waterford 16%

Degree level

46%

of residents 15+ · Irish towns 36%

Walk, cycle, transit

22%

of working residents · Irish towns 23%

TownGrade

#144 of 320

Is Grange Upper a good place to live?

Plenty in its favour, and one clear drawback. With a B overall, Grange Upper sits #144 of 320 Irish towns. That leaves it better than 55% of Irish towns. Jobs and pay hold up well: among 15 to 64s, 71% are in work; unemployment stands at 7%. Add health to its strengths: bad health runs at 81 and disability at 101 per 100 expected for its ages. The trade-off is safety (D) — violent crime runs at 10.6 per 1,000 residents a year, burglary and criminal damage at 9.7. Set against the median household income, the median home, at €294,100, costs 4.5 times as much. It lags on hazard risk as well — an estimated 40% of its homes exceed the radon reference level.

Figures: work and health, CSO Census 2022 · crime, CSO recorded crime, 2023 to 2025 · prices, Property Price Register, 2023 to 2025 · incomes, CSO · radon, EPA.

This town's house price is the median for its whole Eircode routing key, town and countryside together: fewer than 30 sales in the town itself were recorded on the Property Price Register in 2023 to 2025, so its Cost Grade is less sure. Crime here is counted against the people who live here, but much of it involves people who come in to work, shop or go out, so the rate per resident runs higher than residents' own risk. This town's Hazard risk Grade uses radon and landslides only: open LiDAR heights don't cover enough of its homes to measure flooding, so flood isn't counted for or against it.

StrongestAJobs & income A⁻HealthWeakestDSafety DHazard risk

What makes Grange Upper stand out

The 3 things Grange Upper does most differently from other towns.

Picked automatically from the data

Jobs & income

Better than 93%

of Irish towns on jobs & income

Its jobs & income grade: A.

Safety

Behind 92%

of Irish towns on safety

Its safety grade: D.

Hazard risk

Behind 88%

of Irish towns on hazard risk

Its hazard risk grade: D.

How Grange Upper grades

Each subject compares Grange Upper with Irish towns of 2,500 or more, ordered by how far it is from the middle. Towns in other countries are graded separately.

How grading works

Jobs & income7% unemployedAOpen →SafetyBased on crimes reported per residentDOpen →Hazard riskAmong the most exposed to natural hazardsDOpen →HealthIn the top fifth of the towns comparedA⁻Open →WalkabilityBased on walking, cycling and transit to everyday placesB⁺Open →Cost of livingClose to the middle of the towns comparedC⁺Open →

SchoolsNot graded in Ireland: schools’ exam results aren’t published school by school (Education Act 1998, s.53)–

How TownRatings grades Irish towns →

8 places on the register, on Grange Upper’s outline

Grange Upper’s story

Grange Upper has 8 buildings on the National Inventory

1% of its homes were built before 1919, against 3% in the median of Irish towns.

1650Prospect
1850Fairy Hill
1860Annaville

Explore the history →

Nearby attractions

Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity, Waterford and 26 more in and around Grange Upper

Castles, abbeys, gardens, museums and days out in and near Grange Upper. Best known first.

All attractions →

CathedralCathedral of the Most Holy Trinity, Waterford1.7 km outside town, to the northwest

MuseumReginald's Tower1.4 km outside town, to the northwest

CathedralChrist Church Cathedral1.4 km outside town, to the northwest

MuseumWaterford Treasures: Medieval Museum1.4 km outside town, to the northwest

MuseumWaterford Treasures: Splendour & Scandal at the Bishop's Palace1.4 km outside town, to the northwest

MuseumWaterford Treasures: Irish Silver Museum1.4 km outside town, to the northwest

Places: Fáilte Ireland open data (CC BY 4.0) · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Wikidata

Photos: each place’s Wikidata image, from Wikimedia Commons under the licence below (our copy, resized).

Photo credits (6)

Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity, Waterford: Merlante, CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons
Reginald's Tower: Nmwalsh, CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons
Christ Church Cathedral: Merlante, CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons
Waterford Treasures: Medieval Museum: Luistxo, CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons
Waterford Treasures: Splendour & Scandal at the Bishop's Palace: Nmwalsh, CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons
Waterford Treasures: Irish Silver Museum: Luistxo, CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons

The data

Data highlights are ordered by what stands out in Grange Upper.

Work & commuteJobs & income A

Household income in Grange Upper, €64,950 a year, runs above Co. Waterford’s towns and Irish towns

Workers spend 20 min getting to work, on average. 7.4% of the labour force were unemployed, lower than both Co. Waterford’s towns (12%) and Irish towns (9.2%). On foot, by bike or by bus and train: that was how 22% of commuters travelled at the census.

22%walk, cycle or take transit

How working residents got to work · census 2022

Car or van65%

Walk16%

Bus4%

Bicycle2%

Train, DART or Luas0%

Census 2022	Grange Upper	Co. Waterford	Ireland
Unemployment rate	7.4%	12%	9.2%
Average trip	20 min	20.6 min	27.6 min
In work, 15 to 64	71%	65%	68%
Median household income	€64,950	€47,031	€57,760

€64,950

household income, 2022 estimate · Co. Waterford €51,539

12%

worked mainly from home, 2022

trips of an hour or more

4,569

on the Live Register, Waterford city, September 2026

B⁺

Walkability: better than 67% of Irish towns

Full pageGrange Upper’s work & commute pageOpen the page

Median income€64,950 a year · Median household income, before tax Getting to work22% walk, cycle or take transit Unemployment7.4% unemployed · Irish towns: 9.2%Benefits over time4,569 on the Live Register · +4.1% on a year earlier

CSO, Census 2022 travel to work, work and education · CSO Geographical Profiles of Income 2022 · Live Register · Census day was 3 April 2022, with working from home still common; shares are of those who travelled.

SafetySafety D

Crime per resident in Grange Upper runs higher than in 92% of Irish towns

Among the graded crimes in Grange Upper, the most frequent was assaults and harassment (2023–2025). For its size, Grange Upper records more crime per resident than 88% of the 201 Irish towns of 2,500 to 10,000 people. Also worth knowing: all told, 85 crimes per 1,000 residents are recorded each year.

10.6violent incidents per 1,000 a yearDSafety Grade

Compared with towns its sizeFewer incidents against residents per 1,000 than 12% of the 201 Irish towns of 2,500 to 10,000 people: more crime than most for its size. Context only, not part of the grade.

More crimeLess crime

Recorded by type · per 1,000 residents a year, 2023–2025

Theft22

Public order13.6

Road traffic12.7

Assault8.6

Damage7.9

Drugs7

Dangerous acts6.4

Against justice2.6

Burglary1.8

Not in the gradeTheft, public order and offences found by Garda checks (drugs, road traffic, dangerous acts) are shown but left out of the Safety Grade, which counts violence, burglary and damage.

Per 1,000 a year	Grange Upper	Co. Waterford	Ireland
Violent crime	10.6	10.6	5.7
Burglary & damage	9.7	9.7	6.4
All recorded crime	85	85	54.3

10.6

violent incidents per 1,000 a year

9.7

burglary and damage per 1,000 a year

4,701

incidents a year, Waterford Garda area

20.2

against residents per 1,000, as graded

Full pageGrange Upper’s safety reportOpen the page

Safety Grade10.6 violent incidents per 1,000 · Crime per resident in Grange Upper runs higher than in 92% of Irish towns Crime by typeAssaults and harassment is the most common of the graded categories Vs. the neighboursBehind its 6 graded neighbours Questions“Is Grange Upper safe?”

CSO recorded crime by Garda station, 2023–2025, shared to towns by where residents live · Census 2022 populations

Natural hazardsHazard risk D

Radon is the hazard to know in Grange Upper: 100% of homes sit in high-radon areas, more than in Co. Waterford’s towns and across Irish towns

0.3% of homes stand on ground with high landslide susceptibility, about level with both Co. Waterford’s towns (under 0.1%) and Irish towns (0%). The closest place to swim from Grange Upper is Tramore Beach, 10 km away, rated excellent in 2025. Low ground by water holds almost none of its homes.

100%of homes in high-radon areasDHazard risk Grade

Homes exposed · share of the town’s homes

In high-radon areas100%

On high landslide susceptibility0.3%

Share of homes	Grange Upper	Co. Waterford	Ireland
In high-radon areas	100%	69%	0%
On high landslide susceptibility	0.3%	under 0.1%	0%

40%

of homes over the radon level

10 km

to Tramore Beach bathing water (excellent)

958

homes mapped for these shares

Full pageGrange Upper’s flood & hazards pageOpen the page

Radon100% of homes in high-radon areas Low-lying homes0% of homes · Homes low beside water Ground0.3% of homes · High landslide susceptibility · Irish towns 0%Vs. the neighboursAhead of 1 of its 6 graded neighbours

EPA radon map, GSI landslide susceptibility and our low-lying homes estimate from OPW LiDAR.

HealthHealth A⁻

Is Grange Upper a healthy place? 91% of its people say their health is good, above Co. Waterford’s towns and Irish towns

Allowing for its ages, Grange Upper has 101 residents with a disability per 100 expected, lower than both Co. Waterford’s towns (112) and Irish towns (106). Poor health, by residents’ own account, affects 1.4% of the town. Among the 40 Irish towns closest to its size, Grange Upper ranks 3rd on the Health Grade. Disability touches 21% of the town’s population.

91%good or very good healthA⁻Health Grade

General health, self-reported

Good or very good 91%Fair 7%Bad or very bad 1%

Per 100 expected at the town’s ages · age-standardised

Bad health81

Disability101

Co. Waterford138

Expected100

Census 2022	Grange Upper	Co. Waterford	Ireland
Good or very good health	91%	86%	88%
Bad or very bad health	1.4%	2.4%	2%
With a disability	21%	25%	22%
Unpaid carers	5.8%	5.6%	5.4%

bad health per 100 expected · Co. Waterford 138

101

disability per 100 expected · Co. Waterford 112

83.1 · 79.3

life expectancy, women · men, the South-East region, 2016

27%

hold a medical card, HSE Dublin and South East

Full pageGrange Upper’s health pageOpen the page

Census health91% in good or very good health Health GradeBad health 81, disability 101 per 100 expected Getting care100% within 800 m of a pharmacy, 100% of a GP surgery The wider areaLife expectancy: women 83.1, men 79.3 Vs. the neighboursAhead of 5 of its 6 graded neighbours

CSO, Census 2022 general health, disability and carers · CSO life expectancy by region, 2016 · HSE medical cards, 2024 · TownRatings age-standardised ratios

Schools

In and around Grange Upper, 29 schools: 17 primary schools, 10 secondary schools and 2 special schools

Half of the secondaries are single-sex, between Co. Waterford’s towns (56%) and Irish towns (39%). Newtown School is the nearest secondary school, 0.8 km away. The 29 schools within 3 km of Grange Upper have 11,835 pupils between them.

29schools within 3 km

School	Level	Pupils	Ethos
S.N. Naomh Mhuire Special classesLargest primary schoolPrimary	Primary	641	Catholic
De La Salle College BoysLargest post-primary schoolPost-primary · Voluntary secondary	Post-primary · Voluntary secondary	1,023	Catholic
Gaelscoil Phort Lairge GaelscoilTeaches through IrishPrimary	Primary	207	Catholic
St Paul's Community College DEISIn the DEIS schemePost-primary · ETB	Post-primary · ETB	792	Inter-denominational

See all 29 schools →

Schools by ethos · Schools within 3 km

Catholic24

Church of Ireland1

Inter-denominational2

Other2

Schools within 3 km	Grange Upper	Co. Waterford	Ireland
Single-sex secondaries	50%	56%	39%
In the DEIS scheme	41%	41%	35%
Teach through Irish	7%	6%	8%

11,835

pupils at schools within 3 km, 2025/26

0.9 km

to the nearest primary school

0.8 km

to the nearest secondary school

Full pageGrange Upper’s schools pageOpen the page

Who runs them29 schools within 3 km Language7% teach through Irish · 2 schools teach through Irish Pupils over time11,835 pupils · +3% since 2019/20 Questions“What schools are there in Grange Upper?”

Department of Education school lists, 2025/26 (preliminary) · no results are published by school · Ireland doesn’t publish results for individual schools, so none of these carries a letter.

Climate

A middle-of-the-road climate: Grange Upper is close to most Irish towns on every count

The year’s mean temperature is 10.6°C, below Co. Waterford’s towns (10.8°C) but above Irish towns (10.3°C). In July, daytime highs in Grange Upper average 19.9°C. January nights in Grange Upper drop to 3.1°C on average.

19.9°CJuly afternoon high

Average afternoon highs by season · 1991–2020 averages

Winter9.3°C

Spring13.2°C

Summer19.3°C

Autumn14.5°C

Climate, 1991–2020	Grange Upper	Co. Waterford	Ireland
Average temperature over the year	10.6°C	10.8°C	10.3°C
January low	3.1°C	3.4°C	2.9°C
July high	19.9°C	20.2°C	19.9°C
Rain a year	1,019 mm	1,023 mm	937 mm

19.9°C

July high

3.1°C

January low

1,019 mm

Rain a year

116 mm

Wettest month

Full pageGrange Upper’s climate pageOpen the page

At a glanceJuly highs 19.9°C, January lows 3.1°C The yearSummer highs 19.3°C, winter lows 3.3°C Rain1,019 mm of rain a year · October is the wettest month, 116 mm Weather station41 km to the weather station · Johnstown Castle

Met Éireann, 1991–2020 averages.

Outdoors

Fewer homes in Grange Upper sit near green space: 51% within 400 m, below Co. Waterford’s towns and Irish towns

Within 5 km, 6.6% of the land is protected nature, above both Co. Waterford’s towns (5.1%) and Irish towns (1.8%). Protected nature near Grange Upper includes Lower River Suir SAC. Green space in Grange Upper works out at 2.0 ha per 1,000 people.

51%of homes near green space

Green space per 1,000 residents · per 1,000 residents

Grange Upper2.0 ha

Co. Waterford4.7 ha

Irish towns4.1 ha

Outdoors	Grange Upper	Co. Waterford	Ireland
Near a park	51%	81%	92%
Protected nature within 5 km	6.6%	5.1%	1.8%
Woodland within 1 km	1.5%	0.9%	2.7%
Paths per km² of town	1.4 km per km²	1.0 km per km²	2.1 km per km²

51%

Near a park

2.0 ha

Green space

11 km

Footpaths

6.6%

Protected for nature

Full pageGrange Upper’s outdoors pageOpen the page

Green space nearby51% of homes within 400 m Parks2.0 ha per 1,000 residents · 5 ha of green space, 0 parks Protected nature6.6% of the land within 5 km · Lower River Suir SAC Paths and trails11 km of paths · 5 trails and greenways within 5 km

OpenStreetMap parks and paths, NPWS protected sites and the National Trails Register.

Weather

Grange Upper’s weather today: cloudy, with a high of 11 degrees

Grange Upper’s forecast, set beside its normal weather: in November a typical day reaches 11°C, and nights drop to 5°C. Showers may brush past today without adding up to much, on a breeze of up to 29 km/h; the coldest it gets is 9°C. Over the coming week, Tuesday looks wettest, with about 12 mm of rain.

11°C / 9°CToday

This month and the next three, normal highs · 1991–2020 averages

November11°C

December9°C

January9°C

February9°C

Season	High	Low	Rain
Winter	9°C	3°C	275 mm
Spring	13°C	6°C	208 mm
Summer	19°C	12°C	229 mm
Autumn	15°C	8°C	307 mm

11°C / 9°C

Today

0.4 mm

Rain, next 24 hours

26 km/h

Wind

82%

Humidity

9 h 24 min

Daylight

Full pageGrange Upper’s weather pageOpen the page

Next 24 hours0.4 mm Rain, next 24 hours · Staying mostly dry The week ahead11°C / 9°C Today · A normal 4 November: 12°C / 6°C Warnings & more9 h 24 min Daylight · 07:29 to 16:54

Forecast: MET Norway (CC BY 4.0) · normals: Met Éireann, 1991–2020

Who lives here

Grange Upper is a graduates’ town: 46% hold a degree, more than in Co. Waterford’s towns and across Irish towns

Children are nearly a quarter of the town. Just over one in ten residents are 15 to 24, lower than both Co. Waterford’s towns (13%) and Irish towns (12%). Foreign-born residents make up 28% of the population.

37.2median age

Grange UpperCo. WaterfordIreland

Co. WaterfordIreland

Ages · share of residents

11%

Highest education · residents 15 and older who have finished education

Primary or none6%

Lower secondary10%

Leaving Cert32%

Diploma or cert6%

Degree or higher46%

Women and men · all residents

51.2% of Grange Upper’s residents are women

1,284 women and 1,226 men live here; across Ireland, women are 50.6%.

Ages and education in Grange Upper
	Grange Upper	Co. Waterford	Ireland
Under 15	23%	19%	20%
15–24	11%	13%	12%
25–44	30%	27%	29%
45–64	23%	25%	24%
65+	13%	17%	14%
Primary or none	5.9%	12%	9.7%
Lower secondary	10%	19%	14%
Leaving Cert	32%	36%	35%
Diploma or cert	5.5%	6.1%	5.8%
Degree or higher	46%	28%	36%

Full pageGrange Upper’s Who lives here pageOpen the page

Ages37.2 median age · 13% are 65 or over Households909 households · 2.8 people per household Where born28% born outside Ireland Irish speakers39% can speak Irish · 0.9% speak Irish daily outside school

CSO, Census 2022 · Co. Waterford and Ireland: the median of their towns of 2,500+

Town hall

Turnout in Waterford was among the lowest at the 2024 general election

With 8 of 32 seats, Independent are the largest group on Waterford City and County Council, short of the 17 a majority needs. Local government for Grange Upper is Waterford City and County Council alone; Ireland has a single tier. At the last local elections, 50% of voters went to the polls.

8/32seats held by Independent

Seats on Waterford City and County · June 2024

Independent8

Fine Gael8

Sinn Féin7

Fianna Fáil5

Labour Party3

Social Democrats1

Turnout	Grange Upper	Co. Waterford	Ireland
Local elections, June 2024	50%	48%	46%
General election, November 2024	56%	56%	59%

Councillors

8/32

Independent seats on Waterford City and County, the largest party

50%

turnout, June 2024

TDs elected for Waterford

Full pageGrange Upper’s town hall & politics pageOpen the page

Who’s in chargeNo majority: Independent lead with 8 of 32 (17 needed)Councillors6 councillors · Waterford City East How Grange Upper voted50% turned out · Local elections, June 2024 · Co. Waterford towns 48%TDs4 TDs · Waterford

Department of Housing count sheets, 2024

History

The national inventory lists 8 buildings in Grange Upper, each of regional importance

Relative to its size, Grange Upper keeps 32 buildings on the inventory per 10,000 residents, lower than both Co. Waterford’s towns (37) and Irish towns (48). Homes from before 1919 make up 1% of the total.

8inventory buildings

Buildings by NIAH rating · NIAH

International0

National0

Regional8

Among them

sites on the Sites and Monuments Record

1650

earliest dated inventory building

homes built before 1919 · Irish towns 3%

Heritage	Grange Upper	Co. Waterford	Ireland
Inventory buildings per 10,000 residents	32	37	48
Archaeological sites on the record	0	10	11
Homes built before 1919	1%	3.4%	3.4%

Full pageGrange Upper’s history pageOpen the page

NIAH buildings8 buildings on the inventory Older homes1% built before 1919 · Irish towns: 3%Monuments0 sites · On the Sites and Monuments Record Questions“How many historic buildings are there in Grange Upper?”

NIAH, the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage · Sites and Monuments Record · CSO, Census 2022 homes by year built

HousingCost of living C⁺

Private renting is more common in Grange Upper than in Co. Waterford’s towns or Irish towns: 28% of households

10% live in social housing, below Co. Waterford’s towns (20%) and Irish towns (13%) alike. Owners make up just over three in five households.

€294Kmedian sale priceC⁺Cost of living Grade

Median sale price · Eircode area, 2023–2025

Grange Upper€294K

Co. Waterford€294K

Irish towns€350K

Housing	Grange Upper	Co. Waterford	Ireland
Households renting privately	28%	16%	22%
Households in social housing	10%	20%	13%
Median sale price	€294K	€294K	€350K

28%

rent privately · Irish towns 22%

€1,316

a month on new tenancies, Waterford City

5.7

times median household income, County Waterford

Full pageGrange Upper’s cost of living pageOpen the page

Owners and renters61% own their home Cost of livingMedian sale price €294,100 Renting€1,316 a month · Average rent on new tenancies

Property Price Register · CSO residential prices by Eircode area · RTB rents · CSO, Census 2022 tenure · The price is for the postcode area X91, not the town alone: too few sales inside the town carry a full address.

Keep exploring

Everything we know about Grange Upper

15pages on Grange Upper

The big questions

SafetyDHousing & costC⁺Property pricesSchoolsHealthA⁻Work & commuteANatural hazardsD39.9% of homes in high-radon areas

Out and about

OutdoorsAttractionsClimateWeather

The story

Who lives hereMedian age 37.2 History8 buildings on the National Inventory Town hallFamous people

Landmarks

8 of Grange Upper’s buildings made the national inventory of architectural heritage, all at regional importance.

All historic buildings →

NIAH: Regional

ProspectHouse · 1650

NIAH: Regional

Fairy HillHouse · 1850

NIAH: Regional

AnnavilleHouse · 1860

NIAH: Regional

Leoville House (gate lodge)Gate lodge · 1860

Famous people from around Grange Upper

No notable person born in Grange Upper is on our list; these were born in the towns around it.

How we find them →

Barry CoughlanIrish hurler · born in Grange · born 1990

Brian O'SullivanIrish hurler · born in Grange · born 1992

Dessie HutchinsonAssociation football player · born in Grange · born 1996

Billy O'SullivanIrish hurler · born in Grange · born 1968

David O'SullivanIrish hurler · born in Grange · born 1988

Fergal HartleyIrish hurler · born in Grange · born 1972

Grange Upper’s neighbours

The nearest places of 1,000 or more. Boundaries: Tailte Éireann, CSO Urban Areas 2022 and Electoral Divisions.

GrangeGrantstown and BallinakillBallytrucklePoleberryWaterford City CentreFerrybankGrange Upper

How the neighbours grade

Town	People	km	Overall	Cost	Safety	Health
Grange Upper	2,510	—	B	C⁺	D	A⁻
Grange	4,109	0.7	D⁻	C⁺	D	C⁻
Grantstown and Ballinakill	9,571	1.5	B⁻	C⁺	D	A⁺
Ballytruckle	6,563	1.7	D	C⁺	D	C⁻
Poleberry	4,875	1.9	D⁻	C⁺	D	D⁻
Waterford City Centre	9,031	1.9	D	C⁺	D	C
Ferrybank Kilkenny	5,766	2.5	B⁺	A⁻	B⁻	B

People: CSO, Census 2022. Distances: centre to centre.

Questions about Grange Upper

Has Grange Upper grown?

Grange Upper had 2,510 people at the 2022 census, up from 2,412 in 2016: 4.1% more, against 7.6% in the median of Irish towns.

Is Grange Upper a young town or an old one?

The median age in Grange Upper is 37.2, against 37.6 in the median of Irish towns.

Do people in Grange Upper drive to work?

12% mostly work from home, and 46% of journeys take under 15 minutes.

About Grange Upper

Neighbourhood in Waterford

Grange Upper has 2,510 people, in the area of Waterford City and County Council. TownRatings splits Waterford into neighbourhoods made from the CSO’s Electoral Divisions, named from Tailte Éireann’s gazetteer, so each has figures of its own.

Built from Tailte Éireann’s boundaries and the CSO’s Census 2022 (CC BY 4.0)

Population: 2,510 (CSO, Census 2022)
County: Waterford
Council: Waterford City and County Council
Local electoral area: Waterford City East
Dáil constituency: Waterford
Name in Irish: An Ghráinseach Uachtarach
Area: 0.3 sq mi (0.8 km²)
CSO code: ED:WD:GRANGE UPPER

Sources: CSO, Census 2022 Small Area Population Statistics (CC BY 4.0) · Tailte Éireann, Urban Areas and Electoral Divisions 2022 (CC BY 4.0) · TownRatings grades, run #544 (Irish towns only). Under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0).

Contains Central Statistics Office (CSO) data, Census 2022, and Tailte Éireann boundaries (CSO Urban Areas, Small Areas, local electoral areas, constituencies), under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0).