Born here
434
confirmed by Wikipedia
Best known
Paul Verlaine
118 Wikipedia and sister-site articles
First
1568
Johannes Polyander à Kerkhoven
Youngest
2009
Believe Munongo
Most common field
Writing & Arts
94 people
What stands out about Metz’s famous people ★ What stands out · The best known Born in Metz Writers and artists take two of the three places.
#1 Writing & Arts Paul Verlaine 1844–1896 French poet (1844-1896)
#2 Science & Medicine Jean-Victor Poncelet 1788–1867 French engineer and mathematician (1788-1867)
#3 Writing & Arts Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince born 1841 French artist and cinematographer, pioneer of cinema
Known for What Metz is known for Metz has 3.7× the usual share of soldiers and sailors.
Writing & Arts 94 people 22%about usual Politics & Law 74 people 17%about usual Sports 70 people 16%about usual Military 66 people 15%3.7× usual Science & Medicine 40 people 9%about usual Film, TV & Stage 37 people 9%about usual Notable 22 people 5% Music 18 people 4%about usual Faith 9 people 2%about usual Business 4 people 1%below usual The usual town: the share across everyone listed in French towns. Tap a field to see its people.
Through the years When Metz’s famous people were born The 1980s alone account for 32 of the births charted here.
Ancien Régime Revolution to Empire Belle Époque The 20th century Today 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Writing & Arts Politics & Law Sports Military Science & Medicine Film, TV & Stage Notable Music Faith Business
Each dot is a person, stacked by the decade they were born. The 400 best known are plotted.
Everyone Everyone else born in Metz 431 more; the 197 best known are listed here.
All · 197 Politics & Law · 31 Military · 39 Sports · 44 Music · 10 Film, TV & Stage · 14 Writing & Arts · 31 Science & Medicine · 18 Business · 1 Faith · 4 Notable · 5
Any time Ancien Régime · 25 Revolution to Empire · 35 Belle Époque · 43 The 20th century · 46 Today · 48
BK Bernard-Marie Koltès 1948–1989 French writer (1948–1989)
AL Antoine Charles Louis de Lasalle 1775–1809 French general (1775–1809)
François-Étienne Kellermann 1770–1835 French cavalry general (1770-1835)
Gabriel Pierné 1863–1937 French composer, conductor, and organist (1863–1937)
Jacques Charrier 1936–2025 French actor (1936–2025)
Jonathan Joubert born 1979 Luxembougian-French footballer
RW Régis Wargnier born 1948 French film director
Ugo Humbert born 1998 French tennis player (born 1998)
Jean Armel Kana Biyik born 1989 Cameroonian and French footballer
Anni Steuer 1913–1996 Olympic hurler
BT Bouabdellah Tahri born 1978 French athlete
Heinz Harmel 1906–2000 German general (1906-2000)
Émile Veinante 1907–1983 French footballer (1907-1983)
Alfred Perot 1863–1925 French physicist (1863-1925)
Marie-Eugénie de Jésus 1817–1898 Catholic Saint and Founder of religious order (1817–1898)
Rudolf Schmundt 1896–1944 German general (1896–1944)
Adam Philippe de Custine 1740–1793 French general (1740-1793)
GT Gaël Touya born 1973 Fencer
Jean-Augustin Barral 1819–1884 French agronomist and balloonist (1819–1884)
WF Wilhelm Falley 1897–1944 German general (1897-1944)
Adrien Backscheider born 1992 French cross country skier
Arnaud Lusamba born 1997 DR Congolese and French Footballer
GD Gabriel Auguste Daubrée 1814–1896 French mineralogist and geologist (1814–1896)
JR Jean-Philippe Rohr born 1961 French footballer
MU Matthieu Udol born 1996 French association football player (born 1996)
ÉM Émile Mathieu 1835–1890 French mathematician (1835-1890)
CM Catherine Marsal born 1971 French racing cyclist
Edgar Feuchtinger 1894–1960 German general (1894–1960)
Morgan Parra born 1988 French rugby union footballer
OD Olivier Delaitre born 1967 French tennis player (1967-)
Romain Métanire born 1990 Malagasy footballer
François de Curel 1854–1928 French dramatist (1854-1928)
Jean-Charles Chenu 1808–1879 French naturalist (1808–1879)
Jonathan Lobert born 1985 French yacht racer
Marthe Cohn 1920–2025 Spy for France during the Second World War
Paul Duchesnay born 1961 French ice dancer
Sébastien Leclerc 1637–1714 French painter (1637-1714)
Philippe Contamine 1932–2022 French historian (1932-2022)
SS Stephen Michael Stirling born 1953 Canadian-American author, primarily of speculative fiction
AB Albert Bettannier 1851–1932 French painter (1851-1932)
François Barbé-Marbois 1745–1837 French politician (1745-1837)
GR Günther Rüdel 1883–1950 German general in the Luftwaffe during World War II (1883–1950)
JP Jean-Baptiste Le Prince 1734–1781 French painter (1734-1781)
Ninon Chapelle born 1995 French athlete
Anne-Sophie Brasme born 1984 French writer
CL Charles de Lacretelle 1766–1855 French historian and journalist (1766-1855)
CP Cyrille Pouget born 1972 French footballer
EM Eugen Müller 1891–1951 General
Frieda von Richthofen 1879–1956 German writer (1879–1956)
Harold Mayot born 2002 French tennis player (born 2002)
Jules Lagneau 1851–1894 French philosopher and academic (1851–1894)
Julius von Bernuth 1897–1942 German general (1897–1942)
Lou Albert-Lasard 1885–1969 French-German painter (1885-1969)
Louis Ernest de Maud'huy 1857–1921 French general (1857-1921)
Pierre Louis de Lacretelle 1751–1824 French lawyer, politician, and writer (1751-1824)
Simon Delestre born 1981 French equestrian
Stanislas Lalanne 1948–2026 French Roman Catholic bishop
Tiana Lemnitz 1897–1994 Singer (1897–1994)
Jean-Jacques Aillagon born 1946 French politician (Union for a Popular Movement)
Jean-Luc Thiébaut born 1960 French handball player
Julien Gorius born 1985 Footballer
OT Olry Terquem 1782–1862 French mathematician (1782–1862)
Pierre-Louis Rœderer 1754–1835 French politician, economist, and historian (1754-1835)
SB Sophie Binet born 1982 French unionist
BM Believe Munongo born 2009 French footballer
François Antoine Lallemand 1774–1839 French general (1774-1839)
Grégory Leca born 1980 French footballer
Julia Cagé born 1984 French economist
JJ Jutta Jol 1896–1981 German actress (1896-1981)
Karl Kriebel 1888–1961 German General and Knight's Cross recipient (1888–1961)
Mody Traoré born 1980 French footballer
PC Peter-Erich Cremer 1911–1992 German navy officer and world war II U-boat commander (1911-1992)
PP Pierre Poiret 1646–1719 French philosopher and mystic
Antoine Richepanse 1770–1802 French general and colonial administrator in Guadeloupe (1770–1802)
Auguste Stéphane 1863–1947 Cyclist
Bodo Zimmermann 1886–1963 German general (1886–1963)
Buzy 1957–2023 French singer
CS Cyril Serredszum born 1971 French footballer and manager
François-Émile Michel 1828–1909 French painter, art critic and art historian (1828-1909)
FA Félix Alcan 1841–1925 French editor (1841-1925)
JK Johannes Polyander à Kerkhoven 1568–1646 Dutch theologian (1568-1646)
Jonathan Jäger born 1978 French footballer
JF Julien François born 1979 French footballer
Justine Lerond born 2000 French association football player
Lucien Gallois 1857–1941 French geographer (1857-1941)
MM Mehdi Méniri born 1977 Algerian and French footballer
Michael Evenari 1904–1989 Jewish German botanist (1904-1989)
MM Mike MacDonald 1954–2018 Canadian actor, screenwriter and stand-up comedian (1954–2018)
NG Nathalie Griesbeck born 1956 French politician
NF Nicolas Farina born 1986 French footballer
Wilhelm Rohr 1877–1930 Prussian officer, commander of the Prussian Sturm-Battalion Nr. 5 (Rohr) in the First World War (1877-1930)
AB Arthur von Briesen 1891–1981 German General and Iron Cross recipient
Henri Putz 1859–1925 French military personnel (1859–1925)
Ilse Heller-Lazard 1884–1934 Swiss-German painter (1884-1934)
JB Jean-Baptiste Bouchotte 1754–1840 French politician (1754-1840)
JL Jeanne Lehair born 1996 French born Luxembourg triathlete
Marie-Anne de Bovet born 1855 French writer
Otto Schumann 1886–1952 German general
Tobias Cohn 1652–1729 Polish physician
Alexandre Varga born 1977 French actor
Antonie Pfülf 1877–1933 German politician (1877-1933)
AK Arthur Kobus 1879–1945 German general
BS Baptiste Schmisser born 1986 French association football player
CS Claude Santelli 1923–2001 French film director (1923-2001)
DL Didier Lang born 1970 French association football player
FD François Déroche born 1952 French orientalist
GP Gilles Pudlowski born 1950 French journalist
HB Hans Benda 1877–1951 German World War II Admiral
Jean-Louis Masson born 1947 French politician (1947)
LA Louis Adrian 1859–1933 French engineer (1859–1933)
MH Marcel Husson 1937–2025 Footballer
MM Mathieu Manset born 1989 French footballer (born 1989)
Monique Berlioux 1923–2015 French swimmer (1923–2015)
NP Natalie Perrey 1929–2012 French actress (1929–2012)
OF Olivier Français born 1955 Swiss politician
SG Suzanne Giraud born 1958 French composer of contemporary classical music
Henri Félix de Lamothe 1843–1926 French colonial administrator (1843-1926)
PM Paul-Gédéon Joly de Maïzeroy 1719–1780 French soldier
AT Ali Tounsi 1937–2010 Chief of Police of Algerian National Police (1937-2010)
BP Basile Guy Marie Victor Baltus de Pouilly 1766–1845 French Army commander (1766–1845)
Charles de Lardemelle 1867–1935 French general (1867–1935)
Désiré Ferry 1886–1940 French politician
François Grosdidier born 1961 French politician
FB Frédéric Barbier 1829–1889 French composer (1829-1889)
Gabriel Adrien Robinet de Cléry 1836–1914 French jurist and lawyer (1836-1914)
HG Herbert Gundelach 1899–1971 German general (1899-1971)
Jean-Michel Jacques born 1968 French politician
JD Joachim Degener 1883–1953 German general (1883-1953)
Lisa Belluco born 1988 French politician
LB Ludwig Bieringer 1892–1975 German general (1892-1975)
LC Léon-Paul Classe 1874–1945 Catholic bishop (1874-1945)
MM Marcel Marchal 1913–2010 French association football player (1913-2010)
Patrice Killoffer born 1966 French comic artist
PR Paul Reuter 1911–1990 French university teacher (1911–1990)
PB Peter Bell 1889–1939 German politician (1889-1939)
RF Robert Folz 1910–1996 French historian (1910-1996)
SR Serge Romano born 1964 French footballer
SI Sigmund von Imhoff 1881–1967 German general (1881–1967)
Édouard Jaunez 1834–1916 French politician (1834-1916)
Alain Surget born 1948 French writer
Nicolas-François Gillet 1712–1791 French sculptor (1709-1791)
WB Wilhelm Baur 1883–1964 German general (1883–1964)
AG Anthony Gildès 1856–1941 French actor (1856-1941)
CW Charles Victor Woirgard 1764–1810 French general (1764-1810)
Christian Jacob born 1958 French jazz pianist
CS Cédric Schille born 1975 Footballer
DF David Faderne born 1970 French footballer (born 1970)
DG Delphine Guehl born 1978 French handball player
EJ Emma Jacques born 2001 French handball player
ES Ernst Schreder 1892–1941 German general
Frédéric Keiff born 1973 French architect
HL Hans Leistikow 1895–1967 German general (1895–1967)
HL Hans-Albrecht Lehmann 1894–1976 German general (1894-1976)
Jean-Baptiste Pierre de Semellé 1773–1839 French politician and officer (1773-1839)
KH Kurt Haseloff 1894–1978 German general
Pierre Stolze born 1952 French writer
Sam Spiegel born 1963 French actor
VN Victor Nigon 1920–2015 French biologist
CP Charles Pêtre 1828–1907 French sculptor
Claude-François de Lezay-Marnésia 1735–1800 French politician, poet and writer
ED Eugène Decisy 1866–1936 French painter and lithographer (1866-1936)
Jacques Mercier born 1945 French conductor
Jean-Louis Emmery 1742–1823 French politician (1742-1823)
JS Jean-Marie Straub 1933–2022 French film director
JB Joseph Bettannier 1817–1882 French lithographer
Karl Spiewok 1892–1951 German politician (1892-1951)
Monique Messine 1940–2003 French actress (1940-2003)
Nathan Wachtel born 1935 French historian, anthropologist and professor
NC Nicolas Cadiat 1805–1856 French engineer (1805–1856)
Vincent Éblé born 1957 French politician
Yanns born 1998 French singer-songwriter
AL Alain Lévy born 1946 French businessman (1946-
BS Bruno Saura born 1965 French writer, anthropologist and professor
Camille Hilaire 1916–2004 French painter (1916–2004)
DB Dominique François Burthe 1785–1852 French Army officer
Frédéric Weber born 1973 French politician (born 1973)
IP Ian Parovel born 1983 Art director, Movie director, Screenwriter and Game Designer
LM Laura Taleb Muller born 1999 Algerian international footballer
LB Lynda Bendris born 2004 French player
NO Nathalie De Oliveira born 1977 French-Portuguese politician (born 1977)
Paul Michaux 1854–1923 French surgeon (1854–1923)
Philippe Guillemard born 1975 French politician (born 1975)
RV Ronald Virag born 1938 French surgeon
AK Alexandre Karolak born 1995 French basketball player (born 1995)
AA Alexandre Émile Auburtin 1838–1899 French architect (1838-1899)
CC Charles-Étienne Collignon 1802–1885 French politician and engineer (1802-1885)
Emmanuel Hannaux 1855–1934 French sculptor (1855–1934)
Eugène Rolland 1812–1885 French engineer
FL François Joseph Didier Liédot 1773–1812 French engineer
Fritz von Twardowski 1890–1970 German diplomat and screenwriter (1890-1970)
Gustave Humbert 1822–1894 French politician (1822-1894)
HP Hans Pizka born 1942 Austrian hornist
HF Hans-Henning von Fölkersamb 1889–1984 German general
Heinrich Troßbach 1903–1947 German athletics competitor (1903–1947)
Jacques Denis 1922–2008 French politician
Jean Baptiste Jules Dalstein 1845–1923 French soldier (1845-1923)
JL Jean Lenert 1937–2023 French violinist
No one matches both filters.
Show all 197 Next door Famous people from the towns next door Of the towns around it, Montigny-lès-Metz has the most on record: 12.
Questions about famous people from Metz Who is the most famous person from Metz? Paul Verlaine (French poet (1844-1896)) is the best known by our measure: 118 Wikipedia and sister-site articles in different languages. Next come Jean-Victor Poncelet and Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince.
How many famous people were born in Metz? 434 people born in Metz have a French Wikipedia article that confirms the town as their birthplace (and an English one that agrees, when there is one). Wikidata places 889 people here; the rest aren’t listed because an article names somewhere else or no town, or a check couldn’t be completed.
What is Metz known for? Among its famous people, writers and artists: 94 of the 434. That is 22% of the town’s list, against 25% across French towns.
Who is the earliest-born famous person from Metz? Johannes Polyander à Kerkhoven, born in 1568. The youngest on the list was born in 2009.
Who counts as from Metz? People whose Wikidata birthplace is Metz itself, matched by its INSEE code (a commune merged into it counts when the dates allow), whose French Wikipedia article agrees, and their English article too when they have one. A hospital or neighbourhood recorded without its commune isn’t matched. People who only lived here, adult performers and people known mainly for crimes aren’t listed.
Why is someone missing? Their Wikidata birthplace may be a hospital, a neighbourhood or a wider area, another commune, or missing, or their articles may not name a birthplace. We only list people the sources agree on; editing Wikidata or Wikipedia changes this page at the next refresh.
From Wikidata (CC0: birthplaces, descriptions, years, occupations, how many Wikipedia and sister-site articles cover each person) and French and English Wikipedia (each person’s articles confirm the birthplace; linked, not quoted). Birthplaces are matched to the commune by INSEE code and its history of mergers (INSEE COG 2026). Ranked by the number of articles. Fields are read from Wikidata’s description and occupations. “The usual town”: everyone listed across French towns. Portraits: each person’s Wikidata image, from Wikimedia Commons under the license below (our copy, resized).
Photo credits (109) Paul Verlaine: Otto Wegener, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Jean-Victor Poncelet: Ary Scheffer, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons François-Étienne Kellermann: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Gabriel Pierné: Painting by unidentified artist, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Jacques Charrier: Giancarlo Botti / Gamma, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Jonathan Joubert: Богдан Заяц, CC BY 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Ugo Humbert: si.robi, CC BY-SA 2.0 , Wikimedia Commons Jean Armel Kana Biyik: Gwen4435, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Anni Steuer: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Heinz Harmel: Zschäckel, Friedrich, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Émile Veinante: Le Miroir des sports, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Alfred Perot: Eugène Pirou (1841-1909), Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Marie-Eugénie de Jésus: N.N., Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Rudolf Schmundt: Walter Frentz, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Adam Philippe de Custine: Joseph-Désiré Court, CC BY 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Jean-Augustin Barral: Nadar, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Adrien Backscheider: Anferov73, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Arnaud Lusamba: Антон Зайцев, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Edgar Feuchtinger: Speck, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Morgan Parra: Clément Bucco-Lechat, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Romain Métanire: Andy Witchger, CC BY 2.0 , Wikimedia Commons François de Curel: Agence de presse Meurisse, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Jean-Charles Chenu: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Jonathan Lobert: Charlotte BEJET, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Marthe Cohn: rpvchannel33, CC BY 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Paul Duchesnay: Bernd Settnik, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Sébastien Leclerc: John Sturt, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Philippe Contamine: Huesca, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons François Barbé-Marbois: Jean François Boisselat, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Ninon Chapelle: Stidpmi, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Anne-Sophie Brasme: Ji-Elle, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Frieda von Richthofen: Carl Van Vechten, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Harold Mayot: si.robi, CC BY-SA 2.0 , Wikimedia Commons Jules Lagneau: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Julius von Bernuth: Gutjahr, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Lou Albert-Lasard: Hanns Holdt (1887-1944), Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Louis Ernest de Maud'huy: Bain, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Pierre Louis de Lacretelle: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Simon Delestre: Steinfurth ( Nordlicht8 ), CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Stanislas Lalanne: CIDSE, CC BY 2.0 , Wikimedia Commons Tiana Lemnitz: Abraham Pisarek, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Jean-Jacques Aillagon: Alain_Meilland_art_culture_handicap_2003a.jpg : Paul kiujcom derivative work: Pymouss Let’s talk, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Jean-Luc Thiébaut: Fédération française de handball, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Julien Gorius: Karl Van Dessel, CC BY 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Pierre-Louis Rœderer: Johann Heinrich Lips, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons François Antoine Lallemand: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Grégory Leca: Vince Lévêque, CC BY 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Julia Cagé: Off Investigation, CC BY 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Karl Kriebel: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Mody Traoré: Liondartois, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Antoine Richepanse: Louis-Édouard Rioult, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Auguste Stéphane: La Revue des sports, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Bodo Zimmermann: Jesse, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Buzy: Muriel Despiau, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons François-Émile Michel: Ernst Wilhelm Moes (1864-1912), Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Jonathan Jäger: Vincent Voegtlin, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Justine Lerond: MHSC TV - Montpellier Hérault Sport Club, CC BY 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Lucien Gallois: Anonymous Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Michael Evenari: Photography department - Government Press Office, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Wilhelm Rohr: Unknown author Unknown author , is not mentioned anywhere, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Henri Putz: Cyrille Putz, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Ilse Heller-Lazard: Ilse Heller-Lazard, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Marie-Anne de Bovet: A. Brauer, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Otto Schumann: Anonymous Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Tobias Cohn: The original uploader was Briangotts at English Wikipedia ., Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Alexandre Varga: Yves Croce, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Antonie Pfülf: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Jean-Louis Masson: Jean-Louis MASSON, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Monique Berlioux: Le Miroir des sports, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Henri Félix de Lamothe: Nos contemporains : galerie coloniale et diplomatique, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Charles de Lardemelle: G.Garitan, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Désiré Ferry: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons François Grosdidier: Woippycien, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Gabriel Adrien Robinet de Cléry: Henry Carnoy - Dictionnaire biographique international des écrivains, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Jean-Michel Jacques: Lionel Barbe, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Lisa Belluco: Greenbox, CC BY 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Patrice Killoffer: Rama, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Édouard Jaunez: Aimelaime at French Wikipedia, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Alain Surget: Ji-Elle, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Nicolas-François Gillet: Nicolas Benjamin Delapierre, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Christian Jacob: WilderJazz, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Frédéric Keiff: Frédéric Keiff, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Jean-Baptiste Pierre de Semellé: Aimelaime at French Wikipedia, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Pierre Stolze: Ji-Elle, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Sam Spiegel: Movieacting, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Claude-François de Lezay-Marnésia: Edme Quenedey, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Jacques Mercier: G.Garitan, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Jean-Louis Emmery: Wilbrode-Magloire-Nicolas Courbe / Charles Toussaint Labadye, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Karl Spiewok: OTFW , Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Monique Messine: Student Vives TVW, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Nathan Wachtel: NefeshTV, CC BY 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Vincent Éblé: Eurasien, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Yanns: Greg54600, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Camille Hilaire: Claude Hastaire-Hilaire, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Frédéric Weber: TrisHR, CC BY 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Paul Michaux: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Philippe Guillemard: G.Garitan, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Emmanuel Hannaux: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Eugène Rolland: Eugène Pirou, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Fritz von Twardowski: Creator:Georg Bauer, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Gustave Humbert: Anonymous Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Heinrich Troßbach: Agence Rol, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Jacques Denis: Hartmut Reiche, CC BY-SA 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Jean Baptiste Jules Dalstein: Agence Rol, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Ludovic Obraniak: Roger Goraczniak, CC BY 3.0 , Wikimedia Commons Victor Zvunka: Panini, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons Vincent Gérard: Cyrille Largillier, CC BY-SA 4.0 , Wikimedia Commons Pierre-Dominique Bazaine: Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain , Wikimedia Commons
Contains public sector information under the Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 (Etalab): INSEE, DGFiP, the Interior Ministry’s statistics service (SSMSI), the Ministry of Education (DEPP), the Health Ministry’s statistics service (DREES) and the Housing Ministry (Carte des loyers). Commune boundaries: IGN Admin Express.