Photo: Gabriel Picard · CC BY-SA 4.026,940 residents per council seat in Québec, a higher ratio than 99% of Quebec municipalities
Bourg-Royal is part of a city split between ridings for the National Assembly of Québec; with no open riding map, its own isn’t named. Bourg-Royal is in Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles, its riding (a federal electoral district, which elects one MP), and the seat belongs to Pierre Paul-Hus of the Conservative Party of Canada. Local government for Bourg-Royal is Québec’s, with Bruno Marchand as mayor.
What stands out in how Bourg-Royal is governed
Many residents per seat
Québec council spreads its seats over a big population; the typical municipality in Quebec has one seat per 380 residents. Council size ↓
Split between ridings
The riding line runs through Bourg-Royal: Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles has 63% of its residents, Beauport—Limoilou most of the other 37%. Member of Parliament ↓
High spending per resident
Spending per resident put Québec council above 89% of Québec’s local municipalities in 2024. Council money ↓
High federal turnout
In 2021, Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles voted in greater numbers than 89% of the ridings. The 2021 turnout ↓
Compared with the province’s municipalities of 1,000+ residents (2021 Census; MAMH, MMAH and Statistics Canada).
Three governments, and who does what
Bourg-Royal is governed by Québec, with Quebec and Ottawa.
The city council decides local matters.
ville.quebec.qc.ca ↗Schools, health care, highways, municipal law.
assnat.qc.ca ↗Passports, pensions, EI, defence, immigration.
ourcommons.ca ↗Who to ask
Green: municipal. Gold: provincial. Grey: federal.
Outside any MRC, Québec still belongs to the Communauté métropolitaine de Québec.
From the council table to Ottawa
Every elected tier that speaks for Bourg-Royal, from the most recent elections.
- 1Québec councilelected November 2025Bruno Marchand
- 2National Assembly of Québec–
- 3House of CommonsCharlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles · 63%
- 4House of CommonsBeauport—Limoilou · 25%
- 5House of CommonsMontmorency—Charlevoix · 12%
Party colours are neutral on purpose: they tell parties apart and aren’t the parties’ own. MPs: Wikidata (CC0), 45th Parliament statements, read 7 November 2026; ridings: 2023 Representation Order, Statistics Canada
Who sits on Québec council
Everyone elected in 2025, seat by seat, with their team and votes.
- Bruno Marchand
- Mélissa Coulombe-Leduc
- Catherine Vallières-Roland
- Elainie Lepage
- Raymond Poirier
- Marylou Boulianne
- Clément Bourdeau
- Maxime Elmaleh
- Catherine Deschamps
- Marianne White
- Gabriel Dusablon
- Jean-Luc Lavoie
- Yannick Fauteux
- Claude Lavoie
- Marie-Pierre Boucher
- Raphaël Lebailly
- Mélanie Sauvé
- Elisa Verreault
- Éric Courtemanche Baril
- Marc Roussin
- Marie-Josée Asselin
- Pascal Morneau
22 members and how they were elected
| Name | Seat | Team | Votes | Share | On the last council |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bruno Marchand | Mayor | Québec forte et fière | 104,989 | 49% | Yes |
| Mélissa Coulombe-Leduc | Cap-aux-Diamants district | Québec forte et fière | 4,561 | 58% | Yes |
| Catherine Vallières-Roland | Montcalm-Saint-Sacrement district | Québec forte et fière | 7,005 | 72% | Yes |
| Elainie Lepage | Saint-Roch-Saint-Sauveur district | Québec forte et fière | 3,688 | 44% | No |
| Raymond Poirier | Limoilou district | Québec forte et fière | 3,107 | 43% | No |
| Marylou Boulianne | Maizerets-Lairet district | Québec forte et fière | 2,472 | 40% | No |
| Clément Bourdeau | Vanier-Duberger district | Québec forte et fière | 4,064 | 42% | No |
| Maxime Elmaleh | Neufchâtel-Lebourgneuf district | Québec forte et fière | 5,106 | 45% | No |
| Catherine Deschamps | Les Saules-Les Méandres district | Québec forte et fière | 4,371 | 44% | No |
| Marianne White | Saint-Louis-Sillery district | Québec forte et fière | 8,208 | 68% | No |
| Gabriel Dusablon | Le Plateau district | Québec forte et fière | 4,990 | 61% | No |
| Jean-Luc Lavoie | La Pointe-de-Sainte-Foy district | Québec forte et fière | 6,766 | 67% | No |
| Yannick Fauteux | Cap-Rouge-Laurentien district | Québec forte et fière | 6,635 | 53% | No |
| Claude Lavoie | Saint-Rodrigue district | Québec forte et fière | 3,862 | 43% | Yes |
| Marie-Pierre Boucher | Louis-XIV district | Québec forte et fière | 5,965 | 48% | Yes |
| Raphaël Lebailly | Les Monts district | Québec forte et fière | 4,270 | 36% | No |
| Mélanie Sauvé | Sainte-Thérèse-de-Lisieux district | Respect citoyens | 4,079 | 39% | No |
| Elisa Verreault | La Chute-Montmorency-Seigneurial district | Québec forte et fière | 3,665 | 33% | No |
| Éric Courtemanche Baril | Robert-Giffard district | Québec forte et fière | 3,975 | 39% | No |
| Marc Roussin | Lac-Saint-Charles-Saint-Émile district | Respect citoyens | 4,376 | 39% | No |
| Marie-Josée Asselin | Loretteville-Les Châtels district | Québec forte et fière | 5,280 | 48% | Yes |
| Pascal Morneau | Val-Bélair district | Respect citoyens | 4,427 | 45% | No |
Québec forte et fière has the largest group, and every member belongs to a team. Québec is split into districts for council seats, while the mayor faces every voter.
Every other candidate (100)
| Seat | Candidate | Team | Votes | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayor | Stéphane Lachance | Respect citoyens | 48,949 | 23% |
| Mayor | Sam Hamad | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 29,224 | 14% |
| Mayor | Claude Villeneuve | Québec d'abord | 15,885 | 8% |
| Mayor | Jackie Smith | Transition Québec | 8,759 | 4% |
| Mayor | Anne Guérette | Parti du monde - Équipe Anne Guérette | 3,570 | 2% |
| Mayor | Claudine Martineau | Independent | 545 | 0% |
| Mayor | Yves Laberge | Independent | 512 | 0% |
| Cap-aux-Diamants district | Micha Horswill | Transition Québec | 1,744 | 22% |
| Cap-aux-Diamants district | Vicky Lépine | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 626 | 8% |
| Cap-aux-Diamants district | Arnaud Larue | Respect citoyens | 564 | 7% |
| Cap-aux-Diamants district | Guy Boivin | Québec d'abord | 381 | 5% |
| Montcalm-Saint-Sacrement district | Sandrine Hélie | Transition Québec | 911 | 9% |
| Montcalm-Saint-Sacrement district | Gabriel Richard-Brunet | Respect citoyens | 897 | 9% |
| Montcalm-Saint-Sacrement district | Félix Bouffard | Québec d'abord | 707 | 7% |
| Montcalm-Saint-Sacrement district | Jean-François Arcand | Independent | 216 | 2% |
| Saint-Roch-Saint-Sauveur district | Marjorie Champagne | Transition Québec | 2,173 | 26% |
| Saint-Roch-Saint-Sauveur district | Mélanie Leroux | Respect citoyens | 1,109 | 13% |
| Saint-Roch-Saint-Sauveur district | Pascale Houle | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 572 | 7% |
| Saint-Roch-Saint-Sauveur district | Quentin Maridat | Québec d'abord | 530 | 6% |
| Saint-Roch-Saint-Sauveur district | Napoleon Woo | Independent | 254 | 3% |
| Saint-Roch-Saint-Sauveur district | Patrick Kerr | Independent | 105 | 1% |
| Limoilou district | Esperance Mfisimana (Colistière de Jackie Smith) | Transition Québec | 2,068 | 29% |
| Limoilou district | Doua Goué Hippolyte | Respect citoyens | 754 | 11% |
| Limoilou district | Véronique Thiboutot | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 506 | 7% |
| Limoilou district | Sébastien Morier | Québec d'abord | 409 | 6% |
| Limoilou district | Julien Cardinal | Independent | 356 | 5% |
| Maizerets-Lairet district | Hélène Guillemette (Colistère de Claude Villeneuve) | Québec d'abord | 1,062 | 17% |
| Maizerets-Lairet district | Kevin Caron | Respect citoyens | 1,044 | 17% |
| Maizerets-Lairet district | Martial Van Neste | Transition Québec | 925 | 15% |
| Maizerets-Lairet district | Eric Duguay | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 584 | 10% |
| Maizerets-Lairet district | Simon Tardif | Independent | 83 | 1% |
| Vanier-Duberger district | Hugo Langlois | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 2,144 | 22% |
| Vanier-Duberger district | Eric Thiboutot | Respect citoyens | 2,116 | 22% |
| Vanier-Duberger district | Rosie-Anne Roussel Vallières | Québec d'abord | 1,065 | 11% |
| Vanier-Duberger district | Francis Fontaine | Transition Québec | 351 | 4% |
| Neufchâtel-Lebourgneuf district | Anik Lalancette | Respect citoyens | 2,750 | 24% |
| Neufchâtel-Lebourgneuf district | Emilie Robitaille | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,962 | 17% |
| Neufchâtel-Lebourgneuf district | Alexandre Laforge | Québec d'abord | 1,326 | 12% |
| Neufchâtel-Lebourgneuf district | Lény Painchaud | Transition Québec | 217 | 2% |
| Les Saules-Les Méandres district | Isabelle Dufour | Respect citoyens | 2,375 | 24% |
| Les Saules-Les Méandres district | Patrick Paquet | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,567 | 16% |
| Les Saules-Les Méandres district | Véronique Dallaire | Québec d'abord | 1,445 | 14% |
| Les Saules-Les Méandres district | Pierre-Luc Faucher | Transition Québec | 285 | 3% |
| Saint-Louis-Sillery district | Jean-Stéphane Bernard | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,539 | 13% |
| Saint-Louis-Sillery district | François Labrecque | Respect citoyens | 1,066 | 9% |
| Saint-Louis-Sillery district | André-Pier Bérubé | Québec d'abord | 723 | 6% |
| Saint-Louis-Sillery district | Raffaël Gilbert | Transition Québec | 514 | 4% |
| Le Plateau district | Catherine Gagné | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,208 | 15% |
| Le Plateau district | Eugenie Laure Tossea Epse Labonte | Respect citoyens | 940 | 12% |
| Le Plateau district | Félix L'Heureux-Bilodeau | Transition Québec | 549 | 7% |
| Le Plateau district | Moustapha Faye | Québec d'abord | 470 | 6% |
| La Pointe-de-Sainte-Foy district | Éric Guay | Respect citoyens | 1,321 | 13% |
| La Pointe-de-Sainte-Foy district | Robert Fournier | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,114 | 11% |
| La Pointe-de-Sainte-Foy district | Marie-Ève Martel | Transition Québec | 524 | 5% |
| La Pointe-de-Sainte-Foy district | Fabio Tétu | Québec d'abord | 433 | 4% |
| Cap-Rouge-Laurentien district | Louis Martin | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 2,418 | 19% |
| Cap-Rouge-Laurentien district | Philippe Moussette | Respect citoyens | 2,100 | 17% |
| Cap-Rouge-Laurentien district | Ana-Rose Paradis | Québec d'abord | 635 | 5% |
| Cap-Rouge-Laurentien district | Frédéric Imbeault | Parti du monde - Équipe Anne Guérette | 403 | 3% |
| Cap-Rouge-Laurentien district | Andrée-Anne Tremblay | Transition Québec | 372 | 3% |
| Saint-Rodrigue district | Manès Webster | Respect citoyens | 2,143 | 24% |
| Saint-Rodrigue district | François Beaulé | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,474 | 17% |
| Saint-Rodrigue district | David Audet | Québec d'abord | 1,009 | 11% |
| Saint-Rodrigue district | Olivia Lavoie | Transition Québec | 456 | 5% |
| Louis-XIV district | Marie-Jo Bégin-Létourneau | Respect citoyens | 3,245 | 26% |
| Louis-XIV district | Donald Gagnon | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,837 | 15% |
| Louis-XIV district | Pier-Luc St-Pierre Fortin | Québec d'abord | 1,116 | 9% |
| Louis-XIV district | Charles Lamont | Transition Québec | 374 | 3% |
| Les Monts district | Eric Ralph Mercier | Respect citoyens | 4,102 | 34% |
| Les Monts district | Valérie Savard | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,992 | 17% |
| Les Monts district | Vincent Tremblay | Québec d'abord | 1,192 | 10% |
| Les Monts district | Samuel Moisan-Domm | Transition Québec | 488 | 4% |
| Sainte-Thérèse-de-Lisieux district | Manouchka Blanchet | Québec forte et fière | 3,441 | 33% |
| Sainte-Thérèse-de-Lisieux district | Justine Savard | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,827 | 17% |
| Sainte-Thérèse-de-Lisieux district | Doni Berberi | Québec d'abord | 781 | 7% |
| Sainte-Thérèse-de-Lisieux district | Pier-Yves Champagne | Transition Québec | 287 | 3% |
| Sainte-Thérèse-de-Lisieux district | Patrice Fortin | Independent | 108 | 1% |
| La Chute-Montmorency-Seigneurial district | Stevens Mélançon | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 3,488 | 32% |
| La Chute-Montmorency-Seigneurial district | Joey Aubé | Respect citoyens | 2,427 | 22% |
| La Chute-Montmorency-Seigneurial district | Marie-Eve Leblond | Québec d'abord | 991 | 9% |
| La Chute-Montmorency-Seigneurial district | Pedro-Natanaël Bordon-Richard | Transition Québec | 262 | 2% |
| La Chute-Montmorency-Seigneurial district | Mario Desjardins Pelchat | Independent | 83 | 1% |
| La Chute-Montmorency-Seigneurial district | Dominic Tremblay | Independent | 67 | 1% |
| Robert-Giffard district | Benoit Bourdeau | Respect citoyens | 2,530 | 25% |
| Robert-Giffard district | Isabelle Roy | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 2,210 | 22% |
| Robert-Giffard district | Sébastien Bouchard-Théberge | Québec d'abord | 899 | 9% |
| Robert-Giffard district | Camille Lambert-Deubelbeiss | Transition Québec | 501 | 5% |
| Lac-Saint-Charles-Saint-Émile district | Konan Emma Amehoum | Québec forte et fière | 2,621 | 23% |
| Lac-Saint-Charles-Saint-Émile district | Jean Gagnon | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,996 | 18% |
| Lac-Saint-Charles-Saint-Émile district | Sophie Gosselin | Québec d'abord | 1,532 | 14% |
| Lac-Saint-Charles-Saint-Émile district | Sophie Verret | Independent | 423 | 4% |
| Lac-Saint-Charles-Saint-Émile district | Carl Gignac | Transition Québec | 256 | 2% |
| Loretteville-Les Châtels district | Anne-Laurence Harvey | Respect citoyens | 2,982 | 27% |
| Loretteville-Les Châtels district | Jean Côté | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,778 | 16% |
| Loretteville-Les Châtels district | Sylvie Lefrançois | Québec d'abord | 729 | 7% |
| Loretteville-Les Châtels district | Catherine Proulx | Transition Québec | 332 | 3% |
| Val-Bélair district | Bianca Dussault | Québec forte et fière | 3,054 | 31% |
| Val-Bélair district | Mégy Gagné | Leadership Québec - Équipe Sam Hamad | 1,566 | 16% |
| Val-Bélair district | Kim Boyd | Québec d'abord | 576 | 6% |
| Val-Bélair district | Sarah Lesage | Transition Québec | 217 | 2% |
Councils and results: Résultats des élections municipales générales de 2025, MAMH (CC BY 4.0)
The 2025 race for mayor of Bourg-Royal
Votes for each candidate for mayor in 2025.
With 51% of electors taking part, the vote for mayor beat the Québec median of 51% for contested mayoral races. Bruno Marchand won the race for mayor with 49% of the votes, 56,040 ahead of Stéphane Lachance. Bruno Marchand held on to the mayor’s seat.
How Bourg-Royal voted: same source as Councillors, above.
When Bourg-Royal votes
The last and next general elections at each level; a by-election can come in between.
| Election | Last | Next |
|---|---|---|
| Québec council | 2 November 2025 | 4 November 2029 |
| National Assembly of Québec | 5 October 2026 | – |
| House of Commons | 28 April 2025 | – |
Voters last chose the National Assembly of Québec on 5 October 2026 and the House of Commons on 28 April 2025. 4 November 2029 is the next council election in Québec, fixed by the Act respecting elections and referendums in municipalities for the first Sunday in November every four years. Elections Canada’s open records end with the 2021 election; its 2025 results are under terms that rule out commercial use.
Election dates: the legislatures, MMAH and MAMH
The National Assembly of Québec: riding not placed
Provinces and territories run schools, health care and municipal law; each riding elects one MNA.
Find your MNA on the legislature’s site
assnat.qc.ca ↗Legislatures: their own member pages
Bourg-Royal has 3 MPs
Each riding elects one MP to the House of Commons; the general election of 28 April 2025 chose the 45th Parliament.
Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles · Conservative Party of Canada · first elected 2015 · 63%
en.wikipedia.org ↗Beauport—Limoilou · Liberal Party of Canada · 25%
en.wikipedia.org ↗Montmorency—Charlevoix · Conservative Party of Canada · 12%
en.wikipedia.org ↗- Liberal Party of Canada44
- Bloc Québécois22
- Conservative Party of Canada11
- New Democratic Party1
As Wikidata records them.
The Conservative Party of Canada, Pierre Paul-Hus’s party, takes 11 of the 78 seats from Quebec; the Liberal Party of Canada takes 44.
The MP’s record
Mapped onto today’s Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles, the 2021 vote gives the Conservative Party of Canada 45%; in 2025 Pierre Paul-Hus kept the seat in the same hands. The current Parliament is Pierre Paul-Hus’ 4th, counting from a first win in 2015.
MPs: Wikidata (CC0), 45th Parliament statements, read 7 November 2026; ridings: 2023 Representation Order, Statistics Canada · MPs’ records: Wikidata (CC0), positions held and party memberships, read 8 November 2026
In 2021, Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles re-elected Pierre Paul-Hus of the Conservative Party of Canada
Results in Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles as drawn in 2013, the boundaries of the 2019 and 2021 elections; the riding was redrawn for 2025.
Pierre Paul-Hus won the 2021 race in Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles for the Conservative Party of Canada, polling 45% and beating Marie-Christine Lamontagne (Bloc Québécois) by 11,386 votes. In 2019, Pierre Paul-Hus had won the same riding with 38%.
All 7 candidates in Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles, 2021
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pierre Paul-Hus | Conservative Party of Canada | 25,623 | 44.7% |
| Marie-Christine Lamontagne | Bloc Québécois | 14,237 | 24.8% |
| René-Paul Coly | Liberal Party of Canada | 11,326 | 19.8% |
| Michel Marc Lacroix | New Democratic Party | 3,446 | 6.0% |
| Wayne Cyr | People's Party of Canada | 1,296 | 2.3% |
| Jacques Palardy-Dion | Green Party of Canada | 972 | 1.7% |
| Daniel Pelletier | Free Party Canada | 449 | 0.8% |
Federal results: Elections Canada, 43rd and 44th general elections and the 44th’s transposition to the 2023 ridings, via open.canada.ca. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada
Québec council spends more per resident than most
The 2024 financial return: spending by service and revenue by source, per resident, compared only with Québec’s local municipalities.
Spending per resident by service, 2024
What pays for it
Shares of revenue, town and province.
More goes to roads and transit than to anything else: $1,141 a resident, 31% of all spending. Pay and benefits made up 40% of spending. Spending by Québec council reached $3,668 a resident in 2024, well over the $2,394 median of Québec’s local municipalities. Long-term debt at Québec council stood at $2.4 billion, or $4,190 a resident, above the $2,461 median. At 65%, property taxes count for more of the revenue than the 63% seen across the province.
Every service line, 2024
| Service | 2024 | Per resident | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roads and transit | $655.3M | $1,141 | 31% |
| Water, sewers and waste | $387M | $674 | 18% |
| Police, fire and protection | $298M | $519 | 14% |
| Recreation and culture | $251M | $437 | 12% |
| Planning and development | $186.9M | $325 | 9% |
| General government | $154.6M | $269 | 7% |
| Financing costs | $91.5M | $159 | 4% |
| Social services and child care | $83.1M | $145 | 4% |
Money: rapport financier and profil financier 2024, ministère des Affaires municipales et de l’Habitation (CC BY 4.0)
Québec council beside its neighbours
Residents (2021 Census) per council seat, head of council included, beside nearby municipalities; the tick is the provincial median.
The bars put the headline’s figure for Québec council next to nearby councils, the tick marking the provincial median.
Residents: 2021 Census; seats: the province’s council list
Having a say in how Bourg-Royal is run
Check or update the federal list.
elections.ca ↗Every MP lists an office.
ourcommons.ca ↗Ridings, registration and voting dates.
electionsquebec.qc.ca ↗Council meetings, agendas and services.
ville.quebec.qc.ca ↗What this data can and can’t tell you
- Not on this page. How councillors voted once in office, and band councils, are beyond the open record.
- Who holds each seat. The members named here are Wikidata’s, kept up by volunteers; a by-election or a floor crossing may take a few days to show.
- Which riding. The 2021 Census homes of a place’s residents fix its ridings, and one is shown once it holds 5% of them.
- Election results. Elections Canada redrew the ridings in 2023 and re-tallied the 2021 ballots onto the new map from polling divisions; that estimate, and the official 2019 and 2021 counts on the old map, are what you see.
- Council size. For residents per seat, the head of council is counted as a seat, and the population is the 2021 Census figure.
- Council money. Per resident uses MAMH’s population; the 2024 financial report gives charges by service and the financial profile the revenue, debt and reserves.
Questions about how Bourg-Royal is run
Who is the MP for Bourg-Royal?
It depends on the street: most of Bourg-Royal is in Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles (Pierre Paul-Hus, Conservative Party of Canada), some in Beauport—Limoilou (Steeve Lavoie).
Which party won Bourg-Royal in the 2021 federal election?
The Conservative Party of Canada: Pierre Paul-Hus won Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles in 2021 and still holds it.
Who is the MNA for Bourg-Royal?
The National Assembly of Québec lists each MNA with the riding they hold; this page can’t place Bourg-Royal in one.
Who heads the council in Québec?
Québec council is led by Bruno Marchand, its mayor.
How much does Québec council spend?
The 2024 return of Québec council shows $2.1 billion of spending for roughly 574,482 residents, $655.3M of it on roads and transit.
How is Québec council elected?
One councillor a district, and a mayor chosen by everyone, on Québec council.
Sources: MPs: Wikidata (CC0), 45th Parliament statements, read 7 November 2026; ridings: 2023 Representation Order, Statistics Canada · Councils: Répertoire des municipalités du Québec, MAMH (CC BY 4.0) · Money: rapport financier and profil financier 2024, ministère des Affaires municipales et de l’Habitation (CC BY 4.0) · Councils and results: Résultats des élections municipales générales de 2025, MAMH (CC BY 4.0) · Next municipal election: the province’s municipal election act · Municipality types: Statistics Canada census subdivisions · Federal results: Elections Canada, 43rd and 44th general elections and the 44th’s transposition to the 2023 ridings, via open.canada.ca. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada · MPs’ records: Wikidata (CC0), positions held and party memberships, read 8 November 2026. Under the Statistics Canada Open Licence.
Adapted from Statistics Canada (Census of Population 2021, population estimates 2025, 2021 census boundaries) under the Statistics Canada Open Licence; this does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada. Neighbourhood names in some cities © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).